Search results for "Tax policy"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Fiscalità Ambientale per l'Europa - Profili di diritto dell'Unione Europea
2016
Il lavoro consiste in un rapporto che è il risultato di una ricerca condotta utilizzando le risposte che diversi paesi europei hanno fornito ad un questionario loro somministrato riguardante il grado di attuazione delle direttive europee in tema di fiscalità ambientale. In particolare il rapporto si occupa della tassazione dei prodotti energetici e dell'elettricità, della tassazione dei trasporti, nonché dell'applicazione dei pedaggi e dei diritti di utenza, della possibilità di graduare i tributi sui veicoli in ragione del grado di emissioni CO2 e dell'inserimento del settore dell'aviazione nel sistema di scambi di quote di emissione di gas "effetto serra".
Perspectives of tax reforms in Croatia: expert opinion survey
2014
In order to shape tax reform it is necessary objectively to assess the current stateof-the- art of and of the outlook for the tax system. After having reviewed all previous reforms in the light of the consumption-based (interest- adjusted) concept of direct taxation, which was almost systematically implemented in Croatia in 1994, we present the results of a broad expert opinion survey about the Croatian tax system. The most interesting results suggest the maintenance/(re)introduction of different tax incentives and reduced VAT rates, rejection of a flat tax as well as decrease of tax brackets, an increase in alcohol and tobacco duties, the introduction of a financial activities tax, a furth…
Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect
2019
Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency hav…
New Alliances in Post-Brexit Europe: Does the New Hanseatic League Revive Nordic Political Cooperation?
2020
As Brexit removes the Nordic countries’ most powerful ally from the EU, what does this imply for their approach to European affairs? The literature on small states within the EU suggests that they can counterbalance limited bargaining capacities by entering two types of alliances: strategic partnerships with bigger member states and institutionalised cooperation on a regional basis. Against this backdrop we ask whether, by significantly raising the costs of non-cooperation for Nordic governments, the Brexit referendum has triggered a revival of Nordic political cooperation. We scrutinise this conjecture by analysing Nordic strategies of coalition-building on EU financial and budgetary polic…
FISCAL STATE POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
2011
One of the most important measures to be taken for the development of sustainable economy in Latvia is to implement an effective fiscal policy. It means a complex and well timed use of fiscal instruments to regulate economy. Evaluating the proposals of the government and the measures taken for the stabilization of economy we can make the conclusion that they have not always been effective and economically justified. Several rearrangements in the field of planning taxes and budget have been late. The aim of the article is on the basis of the theoretical viewpoints, to undertake a critical assessment of the fiscal measures taken by the government of Latvia and to make recommendations for the …
SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT POLICY IN LATVIA
2016
Economic growth is the important factor for improving competitiveness and to ensure the availability of financial resources at all stages of business development. The authors explore European Union activities to promote the development of small and medium enterprises, the Latvian business environment, the regulatory framework, the accounting regulatory framework for small and medium enterprises. The research study included an assessment of the business environment in the international context for the years 2010 – 2016, national support programmes providing financial resources, their availability and tax policy guidelines for small and medium enterprises. The research study results are summa…
Environmental taxation, information precision, and information sharing
2022
We analyze how environmental taxes should be optimally levied when the regulators and firms face costs uncertainties in a Stackelberg-Cournot game. We allow linear-quadratic payoffs functions coupled with an affine information structure encompassing common and private information with noisy signals. In the first period, the regulator chooses the intensity of emissions taxes in order to reduce externalities. In the second period, facing industry-related and firm-specific shocks, firms compete in the marketplace as Cournot rivals and choose outputs. We show that, given costs uncertainties with non-uniform quality of signals across firms, the regulator sets differentiated tax policy. We also e…
A Strategic Management Approach to the Problems of EU taxation
2004
This paper adopts a strategic management approach (objectives, strategy, structure, control) to the study of the European Union's taxation problems. Union of States have some strengths vis-a-vis individual States. However, to ensure that all States benefit, they need constant redistribution. As opposed to fiscal problems of unitary states, Unions of States have additional problems related to their differentiated organizational form, and hence they need integrating control mechanisms. This paper studies the EU taxation in view of the above notions common to the literature on fiscal federalism. We find that a strategic management approach can be applied to highlight the problems of taxation i…
Tax Performance Assessment in Scandinavian Countries
2015
Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate fiscal policy performance level in Nordic countries of Europe by quantifying the gap between their performance and an optimum benchmark value. In this study it was selected Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway. These countries occupy the first places in the ranking of countries with the highest rate of tax burden in Europe. The first part of paper contains general aspects of fiscal performance in international research and an overview of the Nordic tax systems model. The second part of paper focuses on evaluation of tax policy performance in these countries by using OptimTax scoring analysis. The research is based on a multivariate analysis instr…
Average Tax Rate Cyclicality in OECD Countries: A Test of Three Fiscal Policy Theories
2011
This paper investigates the cyclical properties of the average effective tax rate in 26 OECD countries over 1965-2003 in order to test the validity of three theories of fiscal policy: (i) the standard Keynesian theory which recommends that tax policy should be counter-cyclical, (ii) the Tax Smoothing hypothesis, which implies that changes in GDP should be uncorrelated with tax rates, and (iii) the positive theory of Battaglini and Coate (2008) which predicts that the average tax rate should be negatively correlated with GDP. Our main finding is that the correlations of tax rates with cyclical GDP are generally quite small and statistically indistinguishable from zero. This finding is quite …