Search results for "Telecommunication"

A novel miniature telemetric system for recording EEG activity in freely moving rats

2008

Telemetric recording systems offer the advantage to monitor physiological parameters in freely moving animals without any restrictions in their explorative behaviour. We present a novel, inexpensive, portable and reusable telemetric system to record the electroencephalogram (EEG) from adult freely moving rats under various experimental conditions. Our system consists of an implantable transmitter which communicates at a sampling rate of 500 Hz bi-directional with a receiver via radio transmission (in EU: 868.35 MHz; in USA: 916.5 MHz) over a distance of up to 3 m. The switching time between receiving and transmitting signals is 20s and the data transmission rate amounts to 115.2 kbps. The r…

On the peptidergic hypothesis for non-adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation in the rat duodenum

1992

1. The nature of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) transmitter was studied in vitro in the rat duodenum, by use of an isometric-isovolumic preparation. 2. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive fall both in luminal pressure and in isometric tension. 3. Neurotensin (NT) induced TTX-insensitive inhibitory responses similar to those induced by EFS. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) caused a delayed, slow, concentration-dependent, TTX-insensitive inhibitory effect, detected only by a change in luminal pressure. 4. alpha-chymotrypsin prevented the NT- and VIP-induced inhibitory effects and antagonized the response to EFS. 5. Apamin antagonized the EF…

Biomechanical Comparison Between Sprint Start, Sled Pulling, and Selected Squat-Type Exercises

2013

The purpose of this study was to compare kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activity among sprint start, sled pulling, and selected squat-type exercises (countermovement jumps [CMJs] and 1/2-squats with various loads) and also to examine how these exercises correlate with the performance time of the block start (10 m). Nine male athletes (4 sprinters, 3 decathlonists, 1 long jumper, and 1 triple jumper: age = 24.9 ± 3.9 years; 100-m record = 11.35 ± 0.29 seconds; track and field training years = 11.8 ± 3.1 years) volunteered as subjects. The comparisons were made with regard to the block phase (the phase of force production toward starting blocks) of the block start. In nearly all exercises, …

Evolution of Telecom Operator Software Industry: Conclusions and Future

2009

Analysis of software industry is a challenging task due to the inherent characteristics of software industry. This is not simply due to the immaterial nature of software, or to zero marginal cost of replicating software, nor it is due to knowledge intensiveness of the industry. Most software is vertical software and is developed for the purposes of some vertical industry, such as finance or telecom, whose business the software will support. The major challenge for analysing a vertical software industry comes from understanding the interaction of software technology and the business requirements of the vertical industry.

Digital communications in industrial marketing

2015

Characteristics of early adopters in mobile communications markets

2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study consumers' adoption of mobile communications services, and to explore common denominators uniting those most likely to be early adopters; thereby, to help practitioners to predict early adoption and segment the market.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by postal questionnaire from 26 per cent of a sample of 3,000 customers of a telecommunications service provider in Finland, stratified into three sub‐samples according to type of usage. For this paper, the returns from the two sub‐samples with the highest rates of use were analysed.FindingsPrevious experience of related types of communications services significantly and positively infl…

2020

Abstract We contribute to the research on internationalization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by studying the coevolution of state governance of SOEs and SOEs’ evaluation of international venture opportunities during a shift in dominant institutional logic from state to market logic. Using a novel digital historical method to study Telecom Finland, we argue that as state governance mechanisms change due to a logic shift, rationales underlying SOEs’ internationalization can significantly change and impact SOEs’ geographical and partner preferences. However, a logic shift also affords SOEs significant influence over the formation of new state governance policies under the new dominant logi…

Energy Harvesting Powered Packet Transmissions in Duty-Cycled WSNs: A DTMC Analysis

2017

Energy harvesting (EH) promises an extended lifetime for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), supplying sensor nodes with accumulated energy from natural sources. Different from battery powered sensors, nodes in EH-enabled WSNs are equipped with an energy harvesting accessory in order to extract energy from surrounding sources. Based upon the harvested energy, sensor nodes perform data exchange activities. In this paper, we develop two discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) models to analyze the performance of packet transmissions in such a WSN while employing a generic synchronous medium access control (MAC) protocol. Using the proposed DTMC models, we investigate the effect of EH over a specific s…

Frame Based Equipment Medium Access in LTE-U: Mechanism Enhancements and DTMC Modeling

2017

To address the challenge of ever-growing data rate demand and benefit from the popularity of WiFi capability in mobile phones, 3GPP is studying techniques which enable the coexistence of WiFi and LTE in the unlicensed band, known as LTEU. Two flavors of the listen before talk (LBT) principle, referred to as load based equipment (LBE) and frame based equipment (FBE), are recommended by 3GPP. In this paper, we investigate two enhanced FBE mechanisms, i.e., 1) enhanced FBE (E-FBE); and 2) backoff and idle time reduction FBE (BITR-FBE) for the purpose of improving FBE. After presenting the idea of E-FBE, we propose BITR-FBE which can further improve throughput, shorten delay and reduce energy c…

Collision Avoidance in Wake-Up Radio Enabled WSNs: Protocol and Performance Evaluation

2018

In wake-up radio (WuR) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the envisaged application scenarios are primarily targeted at low traffic load conditions. When applying WuR to medium or heavy traffic load scenarios, however, collisions among wake-up calls (WuCs) may happen, resulting in a lower packet delivery ratio (PDR). In this paper, we propose a media access control protocol for WuR- enabled WSN that is capable of avoiding WuC collisions by activating a contention-based collision avoidance mechanism for WuC transmissions. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated by a Markov chain based mathematical model and is compared with a WuR protocol that performs only clear channel as…