Search results for "Temporal"
showing 10 items of 1095 documents
Capturing the musical brain with Lasso: Dynamic decoding of musical features from fMRI data.
2013
We investigated neural correlates of musical feature processing with a decoding approach. To this end, we used a method that combines computational extraction of musical features with regularized multiple regression (LASSO). Optimal model parameters were determined by maximizing the decoding accuracy using a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. The method was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data that were collected using a naturalistic paradigm, in which participants' brain responses were recorded while they were continuously listening to pieces of real music. The dependent variables comprised musical feature time series that were computationally extracted from the…
How to improve reading skills in dyslexics: the effect of high frequency rTMS.
2013
The latest progress in understanding remediation of dyslexia underlines how some changes in brain are a necessary mechanism of improvement. We wanted to determine whether high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hf-rTMS) over areas that are underactive during reading in dyslexics, would improve reading of dyslexic adults. We applied 5Hz-TMS over both left and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) prior to word, non-word and text reading aloud. Results show that hf-rTMS stimulation over the left IPL improves non-word reading accuracy and hf-rTMS stimulation over the left STG increases word reading speed and text reading accuracy. Moreover …
The role of the right temporo-parietal junction in social decision-making
2018
Identifying someone else's noncooperative intentions can prevent exploitation in social interactions. Hence, the inference of another person's mental state might be most pronounced in order to improve social decision‐making. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain regions associated with Theory of Mind (ToM), particularly the right temporo–parietal junction (rTPJ), show higher neural responses when interacting with a selfish person and that the rTPJ‐activity as well as cooperative tendencies will change over time. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a modified prisoner's dilemma game in which 20 participants interacted with three fictive playing partners who behaved a…
From Vivaldi to Beatles and back: predicting lateralized brain responses to music.
2013
We aimed at predicting the temporal evolution of brain activity in naturalistic music listening conditions using a combination of neuroimaging and acoustic feature extraction. Participants were scanned using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while listening to two musical medleys, including pieces from various genres with and without lyrics. Regression models were built to predict voxel-wise brain activations which were then tested in a cross-validation setting in order to evaluate the robustness of the hence created models across stimuli. To further assess the generalizability of the models we extended the cross-validation procedure by including another dataset, which comprised …
Identifying musical pieces from fMRI data using encoding and decoding models.
2018
AbstractEncoding models can reveal and decode neural representations in the visual and semantic domains. However, a thorough understanding of how distributed information in auditory cortices and temporal evolution of music contribute to model performance is still lacking in the musical domain. We measured fMRI responses during naturalistic music listening and constructed a two-stage approach that first mapped musical features in auditory cortices and then decoded novel musical pieces. We then probed the influence of stimuli duration (number of time points) and spatial extent (number of voxels) on decoding accuracy. Our approach revealed a linear increase in accuracy with duration and a poin…
Taking both sides: do unilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions disrupt semantic memory?
2010
The most selective disorder of central conceptual knowledge arises in semantic dementia, a degenerative condition associated with bilateral atrophy of the inferior and polar regions of the temporal lobes. Likewise, semantic impairment in both herpes simplex virus encephalitis and Alzheimer's disease is typically associated with bilateral, anterior temporal pathology. These findings suggest that conceptual representations are supported via an interconnected, bilateral, anterior temporal network and that it may take damage to both sides to produce an unequivocal deficit of central semantic memory. We tested and supported this hypothesis by investigating a case series of 20 patients with unila…
Dopamine D2/3 receptor occupancy by quetiapine in striatal and extrastriatal areas
2010
Quetiapine is next to clozapine an antipsychotic agent that exerts hardly any extrapyramidal side-effects at clinical efficacious doses. Some previous receptor occupancy studies reported preferential extrastriatal D2/3 receptor (D2/3R)-binding properties of second-generation antipsychotics and suggested this as possible reason for improved tolerability. This positron emission tomography (PET) investigation was designed to compare the occupancy of dopamine D2/3Rs by quetiapine in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions. Therefore, a cohort of 16 quetiapine-treated psychotic patients underwent an [18F]fallypride (FP) PET scan. Due to the high affinity of FP and its comparatively long half-li…
Recollection and familiarity in hippocampal amnesia
2008
Currently, there is a general agreement that two distinct cognitive operations, recollection and familiarity, contribute to performance on recognition memory tests. However, there is a controversy about whether recollection and familiarity reflect different memory processes, mediated by distinct neural substrates (dual-process models), or whether they are the expression of memory traces of different strength in the context of a unitary declarative memory system (unitary-strength models). Critical in this debate is the status of recognition memory in hippocampal amnesia and, in particular, whether the various structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribute differentially to the recol…
Transient seizure onset network for localization of epileptogenic zone: effective connectivity and graph theory-based analyses of ECoG data in tempor…
2018
Objective: Abnormal and dynamic epileptogenic networks cause difficulties for clinical epileptologists in the localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in preoperative assessments of patients with refractory epilepsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of time-varying effective connectivity networks in various non-seizure and seizure periods, and to propose a quantitative approach for accurate localization of SOZ and EZ. Methods: We used electrocorticogram recordings in the temporal lobe and hippocampus from seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy to characterize the effective connectivity dynamics at a high temporal resolution …
Age at surgery as a predictor of cognitive improvements in patients with drug-resistant temporal epilepsy
2017
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery is an effective procedure that can produce cognitive changes. However, the prognostic factors related with cognitive outcomes need to be better understood. The aim of the present study is to know if age at surgery is a reliable predictor of verbal memory competence and considering factors such as: hemisphere; type of surgery; pre-surgical seizure frequency; and epilepsy duration. Sixty-one typically dominant patients with drug-resistant TLE (34 with left TLE [L-TLE] and 27 with right TLE [R-TLE]) underwent a neuropsychological assessment before and a year after surgery. Results showed that R-TLE patients had better evolution in short- and long-term verba…