Search results for "Temporal"

showing 10 items of 1095 documents

Neocortical Variation of Abeta Load in Fully Expressed, Pure Alzheimer's Disease

2010

The relationship between amyloid-beta (A beta) deposition and tau-related neurofibrillary changes is a key issue in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and cortical distribution of A beta and tau pathology, their mutual links and their correlation with the duration of the disease in thirty-nine patients with fully expressed AD. By tau immunohistochemistry, we identified different patterns of distribution of neurofibrillary changes that were ascribed to Braak stage V and VI. The disease duration was longer in patients at Braak stage VI than in those at V. Morphometric analysis carried out in several neocortical areas demonstrated …

MalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyTau proteinNeocortextau ProteinsPathogenesisSuperior temporal gyrusAlzheimer Diseasemental disordersmedicineHumansSenile plaquesAgedAged 80 and overNeocortexAmyloid beta-PeptidesbiologyGeneral NeuroscienceGeneral MedicinePsychiatry and Mental healthClinical Psychologymedicine.anatomical_structureGene Expression RegulationCerebral cortexbiology.proteinDisease ProgressionFemaleGeriatrics and GerontologyPrimary motor cortexPsychologyNeuroscienceBraak staging
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Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010

2012

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…

MalePediatricsCross-sectional study95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthmaAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990stemporal trendsSurveys and QuestionnairesEpidemiologySurveys and QuestionnaireMedicineasthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in ItalyYoung adultrespectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%education.field_of_studyAllergic rhinitis; Asthma; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Temporal trends; Wheezing;medicine.diagnostic_testSmokingthe median prevalence of current asthmaallergic rhinitis asthma epidemiology prevalence temporal trends wheezingItalyAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n=10494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010 the median prevalence of current asthma wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6% from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8% respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010 mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs asthma prevalence has increased by 38% in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrssymbolsasthma prevalence has increased by 38%FemaleepidemiologyHumanPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdult494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitismedicine.medical_specialtyRhinitis Allergic PerennialPopulationprevalencethe Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio031)and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medicasymbols.namesakeYoung AdultAllergic rhinitiHumansRespiratory soundsPoisson regressioneducationAsthmaRespiratory SoundsCross-Sectional Studieallergic rhinitisbusiness.industrywheezingwheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%Rhinitis Allergic Seasonalasthmain the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993medicine.disease873)Cross-Sectional Studiesn=10Relative riskTemporal trendRespiratory Soundn=6n=18business
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Conflict-behaviour and temporal discrimination performance in the rat: Comparison between alprazolam and various conventional benzodiazepines

1990

MalePharmacologymedicine.medical_specialtyReinforcement ScheduleAlprazolamBehavior Animalbusiness.industryRats Inbred StrainsAudiologyRatsConflict PsychologicalDiscrimination LearningDiscrimination PsychologicalAnti-Anxiety AgentsAlprazolamTime PerceptionmedicineAnimalsbusinessTemporal discriminationmedicine.drugPharmacological Research
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In vivo imaging of dopamine receptors in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy

2010

Alterations in dopamine neurotransmission in animal models of epilepsies have been frequently demonstrated using invasive neuroscience or ex vivo techniques. We aimed to test whether corresponding alterations could be detected by noninvasive in vivo brain imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in the chronic phase of the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.Six pilocarpine-treated Wistar rats exhibiting spontaneous recurrent seizures and nine control rats were studied with PET using [(18)F]-fallypride, a high-affinity dopamine D(2/3) receptor ligand. Parametric images of [(18)F]-fallypride specific binding were calculated using a reference tissue method, and the two grou…

MalePyrrolidinesDopamineReceptors DopamineTemporal lobeEpilepsyNeuroimagingDopamineIn vivoAnimalsHumansMedicineBrain MappingReceptors Dopamine D2business.industryPilocarpineReceptors Dopamine D3Brainmedicine.diseaseCorpus StriatumRatsDisease Models AnimalEpilepsy Temporal LobeNeurologyDopamine receptorPositron-Emission TomographyBenzamidesAutoradiographyNeurology (clinical)businessNeurosciencePreclinical imagingEx vivomedicine.drugEpilepsia
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Enhancement of brain event-related potentials to speech sounds is associated with compensated reading skills in dyslexic children with familial risk …

2014

Specific reading disability, dyslexia, is a prevalent and heritable disorder impairing reading acquisition characterized by a phonological deficit. However, the underlying mechanism of how the impaired phonological processing mediates resulting dyslexia or reading disabilities remains still unclear. Using ERPs we studied speech sound processing of 30 dyslexic children with familial risk for dyslexia, 51 typically reading children with familial risk for dyslexia, and 58 typically reading control children. We found enhanced brain responses to shortening of a phonemic length in pseudo-words (/at:a/ vs. /ata/) in dyslexic children with familial risk as compared to other groups. The enhanced bra…

MaleReading disabilitySpeech perceptionmedia_common.quotation_subjectPhonological deficitta3112speech perceptionBiological theories of dyslexiaDyslexiacompensationRisk FactorsPhysiology (medical)Reading (process)medicineHumansdysleksiaEEGChildta515media_commonTemporal cortexBrain MappingGeneral NeuroscienceDyslexiaBrainmedicine.diseaseNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyAcoustic StimulationReadingphonemic length discriminationEvoked Potentials AuditorySpeech PerceptionFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologyERPCognitive psychologySurface dyslexiaInternational Journal of Psychophysiology
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Individual differences in selective attention predict speech identification at a cocktail party

2016

Listeners with normal hearing show considerable individual differences in speech understanding when competing speakers are present, as in a crowded restaurant. Here, we show that one source of this variance are individual differences in the ability to focus selective attention on a target stimulus in the presence of distractors. In 50 young normal-hearing listeners, the performance in tasks measuring auditory and visual selective attention was associated with sentence identification in the presence of spatially separated competing speakers. Together, the measures of selective attention explained a similar proportion of variance as the binaural sensitivity for the acoustic temporal fine stru…

MaleSelective auditory attentionIndividualitytemporal fine structure sensitivityAudiology0302 clinical medicineAttentionSelective attentionBiology (General)General NeuroscienceQ05 social sciencesRGeneral MedicinehumanitiesMedicineCocktail partyFemaleauditory selective attentionPsychologypsychological phenomena and processesSentenceResearch ArticleHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyQH301-705.5ScienceStimulus (physiology)behavioral disciplines and activitiesworking memory050105 experimental psychologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyBackground noiseYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesotorhinolaryngologic diseasesmedicineHumansSpeech0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesindividual differencesGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyWorking memoryvisual attentionspeech-in-noise identificationNoiseBinaural recording030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceeLife
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Role(s) of the 5-HT2C receptor in the development of maximal dentate activation in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats.

2014

Aims: Substantial evidence indicates that 5-HT2C receptors are involved in the control of neuronal network excitability and in seizure pathophysiology. Here, we have addressed the relatively unexplored relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most frequent type of intractable epilepsy, and 5-HT2CRs. Methods: In this study, we investigated this issue using a model of partial complex (limbic) seizures in urethane-anesthetized rat, based on the phenomenon of maximal dentate activation (MDA) using 5-HT2C compounds, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting techniques. Results: The 5-HT2C agonists mCPP (1 mg/kg, i.p) and lorcaserin (3 mg/kg, i.p), but not RO60-0…

MaleSerotonin receptorsmedicine.medical_specialtyGlutamate decarboxylaseDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonergic2c drugs; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyHippocampusHippocampal formationDentate gyruEpileptogenesisSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaHippocampusDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory;LorcaserinRats Sprague-DawleySerotonergic 2c drugGABAEpilepsyMemoryDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyPhysiology (medical)Internal medicinemedicineReceptor Serotonin 5-HT2CAnimalsDentate gyrusPharmacology (medical)Serotonin receptorTemporal lobe epilepsyPharmacologyDepressionChemistryDentate gyrusDentate gyrus;Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonergic2c drugs; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyOriginal Articlesmedicine.diseaseRats5-HT2C receptorPsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologyDepression MentalEpilepsy Temporal LobeDentate GyrusSerotonergic2c drugAnesthetics IntravenousSerotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonistsmedicine.drug
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Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk a…

2014

High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010.

MaleSettore MED/09 - Medicina Internakidney diseaseEndocrinology Diabetes and Metabolismhumanoscoste de las enfermedadesDiseaseGlobal HealthCohort StudiesEndocrinologyCost of Illnesscardiovascular diseaseHealth TransitionRisk Factorstransición sanitariaestudios prospectivosRenal Insufficiency Chronic -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortalityevaluación de riesgosRenal InsufficiencyProspective StudiesChronicestudios de cohortesMetabolic Syndromeeducation.field_of_studydiabetesMortality rateAge Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Complications; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency Chronic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Global Health; Health Transition; Internal Medicine; Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism; EndocrinologyMetabolic Syndrome XCardiovascular Diseases -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortalityAge FactorsCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes Mellitus chronic kidney diseaseDiabetes Complications -- epidemiology -- mortalitySciences bio-médicales et agricolesDiabetes and MetabolismCardiovascular Diseasesencuestas de saludFemaleanálisis temporoespacialRisk assessmentcomplicaciones de la diabetesinsuficiencia renalmedicine.medical_specialtyCardiovascular disease; kidney disease; diabetes mortalityPopulationenfermedades cardiovascularesMetabolic Syndrome X -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortalityRisk AssessmentArticleDiabetes ComplicationsSex FactorsSpatio-Temporal Analysiscardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; diabetes; mortalityInternal medicineEnvironmental healthDiabetes mellitusmedicineAge Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Complications; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency Chronic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Global Health; Health Transition; Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism; Internal Medicine; EndocrinologyInternal Medicinefactores de riesgoHumansRisk factorRenal Insufficiency Chroniceducationbusiness.industrydiabetes mortalitymedicine.diseasemortalityHealth SurveysEndocrinologyRelative riskAge Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality; Cohort Studies; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology; Diabetes Complications/mortality; Female; Global Health; Health Surveys; Health Transition; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications; Metabolic Syndrome X/epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome X/mortality; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency Chronic/complications; Renal Insufficiency Chronic/epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency Chronic/mortality; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Spatio-Temporal Analysisbusinesschronic kidney diseaseKidney diseaseThe Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology
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Large-scale brain networks emerge from dynamic processing of musical timbre, key and rhythm

2012

We investigated the neural underpinnings of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of a naturalistic musical stimulus. Participants were scanned with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while listening to a stimulus with a rich musical structure, a modern tango. We correlated temporal evolutions of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of the stimulus, extracted using acoustic feature extraction procedures, with the fMRI time series. Results corroborate those obtained with controlled stimuli in previous studies and highlight additional areas recruited during musical feature processing. While timbral feature processing was associated with activations in cognitive areas of the cerebel…

MaleSpeech recognition0302 clinical medicineBASAL GANGLIAPREMOTORDefault mode networkMusical formBrain MappingTemporal evolutionmedicine.diagnostic_test05 social sciencesfMRIBrainREGIONSMagnetic Resonance ImaginghumanitiesNeurologyta6131SYNCHRONIZATIONAuditory PerceptionFemalePsychologypsychological phenomena and processesCognitive psychologyAuditory perceptionComputational feature extractionCognitive NeuroscienceFeature extractionMusic processingTOPOGRAPHYStimulus (physiology)ta3112behavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychology03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adultotorhinolaryngologic diseasesmedicineEMOTIONHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesTonalityMETAANALYSISPERCEPTIONNaturalistic stimulusNerve NetFunctional magnetic resonance imagingTimbre030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMusicAUDITORY-CORTEXNEUROIMAGE
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Some findings on zero-inflated and hurdle Poisson models for disease mapping

2018

Zero excess in the study of geographically referenced mortality data sets has been the focus of considerable attention in the literature, with zero-inflation being the most common procedure to handle this lack of fit. Although hurdle models have also been used in disease mapping studies, their use is more rare. We show in this paper that models using particular treatments of zero excesses are often required for achieving appropriate fits in regular mortality studies since, otherwise, geographical units with low expected counts are oversmoothed. However, as also shown, an indiscriminate treatment of zero excess may be unnecessary and has a problematic implementation. In this regard, we find …

MaleStatistics and ProbabilityDatabases FactualEpidemiologyComputer scienceGeographic MappingEstadísticaBiostatisticsPoisson distribution01 natural sciences010104 statistics & probability03 medical and health sciencessymbols.namesakeSpatio-Temporal Analysis0302 clinical medicineNeoplasmsEconometricsHumansPoisson Distribution030212 general & internal medicineLack-of-fit sum of squaresMortality0101 mathematicsProbabilityModels StatisticalBayes TheoremZero (linguistics)SpainMortality datasymbolsMalaltiesFemaleFocus (optics)
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