Search results for "Th1"
showing 10 items of 238 documents
Human T helper cells reactive with somatic bacterial antigens belong to the Th1 subset
1994
The aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine secretion patterns of human T helper cells from healthy donors reactive with somatic antigens from various bacteria, the nematode Anisakis and tetanus toxoid. From the peripheral blood of four healthy donors we have established 70 T cell lines reactive with antigens from Yersinia, Salmonella, Morganella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Escherichia, Chlamydia, Shigella, Streptococcus, tetanus toxoid and Anisakis, respectively. Our results show that all T cells reactive with bacteria produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no interleukin (IL)-4 and no or very little IL-2 and IL-10 and, thus, belong to t…
Ultimate Shear of RC Beams with Corroded Stirrups and Strengthened with FRP
2019
Transverse reinforcement plays a key role in the response behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Therefore, corrosion of steel stirrups may change the failure mode of elements from bending to shear, leading to a brittle and catastrophic crisis. It is important to strengthen reinforced concrete beams with corroded stirrups to enhance the shear resistance. This paper presents a formulation, based on the modified compression field theory, to estimate the ultimate shear of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP, because of stirrup corrosion. The detrimental effect of corrosion on steel stirrup yield strength was taken into account by introducing an empirical decay law. The effective st…
Increased immunosuppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)GITR+ T regulatory cells from NFATc2((-/-)) mice controls allergen-induced experimental …
2012
The expansion of effector T cells is tightly controlled by transcription factors like nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family members that mediate early intracellular responses to T cell receptor-mediated signals. In this study we show that, after allergen challenge, NFATc2((-/-)) mice had augmented number of functionally intact CD4(+)CD25(++)GITR(++) T regulatory (T regs) cells in the lung. Anti-GITR antibody treatment inhibited T regulatory cell function and enhanced the number of activated lung CD4(+) T cells associated with increased IL-2 and pSTAT-5 in the airways of NFATc2((-/-)) mice in experimental allergic asthma. This agonistic treatment led to increased inflammation in …
Análisis de la interacciones parásito-hospedador en el modelo Echinostoma caproni-roedor, con énfasis en los factores que determinan el curso de la i…
2015
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se analizan diferentes parámetros implicados en las relaciones parásito-hospedador en helmintiasis intestinales mediante la utilización del modelo experimental Echinostoma caproni-roedor. Con esta finalidad se estudian diversos aspectos inmunológicos, además de las alteraciones intestinales inducidas por la infección en dos sistemas parásito-hospedador: E. caproni-ratón y E. caproni-rata. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que el IFN-γ y el óxido nítrico son mediadores fundamentales en el desarrollo de infecciones crónicas en ratón, induciendo disfunción mitocondrial en las células del epitelio intestinal e hiperplasia tisular. No obstante, se sugiere…
Non-eosinophilic Airway Hyper-reactivity in Mice, Induced by IFN-γProducing CD4+and CD8+Lung T cells, is Responsive to Steroid Treatment
2014
Non-eosinophilic asthma is characterized by infiltration of neutrophils into the lung and variable responsiveness to glucocorticoids. The pathophysiological mechanisms have not been characterized in detail. Here, we present an experimental asthma model in mice associated with non-eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). For this, BALB/c mice were sensitized by biolistic DNA immunization with a plasmid encoding the model antigen β-galactosidase (pFascin-βGal mice). For comparison, eosinophilic airway inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of βGal protein (βGal mice). Intranasal challenge of mice in both groups induced AHR to a comparable extent as w…
Numerical Analysis of Bearing Capacity of a Ring Footing on Geogrid Reinforced Sand
2021
A ring footing is found to be of practical importance in supporting symmetrical constructions for example silos, oil storage container etc. In the present paper, numerical analysis was carried out with explicit code FLAC3D 7.0 to investigate bearing capacity of a ring footing on geogrid reinforced sand. Effects of the ratio n of its inner/outer diameter (Di/D) of a ring footing, an optimum depth to lay the geogrid layer were examined. It was found that an intersection zone was developed in soil under inner-side (aisle) of ring footing, contributing to its bearing capacity. Substantial increase of bearing capacities could be realized if ratio n of a ring footing was around 0.6. Numerical res…
Signals involved in the early TH1/TH2 polarization of an immune response depending on the type of antigen.
1999
Abstract Background: The early production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells (ECs) in response to antigen exposure may govern the development of T H1 -like immune responses, such as contact sensitivity, or T H2 -like immune responses, such as IgE-dependent allergies of the immediate type, depending on the type of antigen. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the signals induced by protein allergens with those induced by haptens in ECs and subsequently in local draining lymph node cells (LNCs) or splenocytes. Methods: BALB/c mice were primed in vivo with the protein allergens ovalbumin or birch pollen or the haptens 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene or trinitrochlorbenzene, respectiv…
TLR4 abrogates the Th1 immune response through IRF1 and IFN-β to prevent immunopathology during L. infantum infection
2020
A striking feature of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is chronic inflammation in the spleen and liver, and VL patients present increased production levels of multiple inflammatory mediators, which contribute to tissue damage and disease severity. Here, we combined an experimental model with the transcriptional profile of human VL to demonstrate that the TLR4-IFN-β pathway regulates the chronic inflammatory process and is associated with the asymptomatic form of the disease. Tlr4-deficient mice harbored fewer parasites in their spleen and liver than wild-type mice. TLR4 deficiency enhanced the Th1 immune response against the parasite, which was correlated with an increased activation of de…
Interleukin 23p19 inhibitors in chronic plaque psoriasis with focus on mirikizumab: A narrative review.
2020
Psoriasis, a T-cell mediated chronic dermatosis, has a complex etiopathogenesis. There has been extensive research into the aberrant immune response, which leads to the formation of clinical lesions, and the need for developing better and safer drugs has been unrelenting. The past two decades of research has opened up new areas of the immune pathway that can be targeted in order to control the disease. Therefore, we have seen the emergence of biologics which either target T-cell receptors or inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) or inhibit interleukins (IL) like IL-12, IL-17, IL-17 receptor, and more recently IL-23. Drugs specifically targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23 have shown prom…
Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation.
2021
Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that represents one of the most frequent causes of irreversible disability in young adults. Treatment options to halt disability are limited. We discovered that T helper (Th)17 cells in contact with oligodendrocytes produce higher levels of glutamate and induce significantly greater oligodendrocyte damage than their Th2 counterpart. Blockade of CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways and expressed in high levels on Th17 cells, preserved human oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data thus provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compart…