Search results for "Thermal"
showing 10 items of 3576 documents
Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Foams in External Tank Cryogenic Insulation
2013
External tanks of the spacecrafts need not only efficient, but also safe cryogenic insulation materials and the issues of their development are still urgent. At present, polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams’ cryogenic insulation is widely applied in the partially reusable launch systems. Factors influencing the cryogenic resistance of external thermal insulation performed of spray-on PUR or PIR foams are characterised based on a wide literature search. They include chemical structure and macromolecules’ architecture of polymeric matrix, physical and mechanical properties of foams, thermal stability and combustibility, cellular structure of foams etc. Experimental data on physi…
Reinforcement Efficiency of Cellulose Microfibers for the Tensile Stiffness and Strength of Rigid Low-Density Polyurethane Foams
2020
Rigid low-density closed-cell polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in both thermal insulation and structural applications. The sustainability of PU foam production can be increased by using bio-based components and fillers that ensure both enhanced mechanical properties and higher renewable material content. Such bio-based foams were produced using polyols derived from rapeseed oil and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers as filler. The effect of MCC fiber loading of up to 10 wt % on the morphology, tensile stiffness, and strength of foams has been evaluated. For estimation of the mechanical reinforcement efficiency of foams, a model allowing for the partial alignment of filler fibers…
Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanodots-Ionogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Radical Scavenging Activity
2018
Hybrid diimidazolium-based ionogels were obtained by dispersing nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs) in ionic liquid (IL) solutions and by using dicationic organic salts as gelators. The properties of the NCND-ionogels were studied in terms of thermal stability, mechanical strength, morphology, rheological, and microscopic analyses. Insights into the formation of the hybrid soft material were attained from kinetics of sol-gel phase transition and from estimating the size of the aggregates, obtained from opacity and resonance light-scattering measurements. We demonstrate that, on one hand, NCNDs were able to favor the gel formation both in the presence of gelating and nongelating ILs. On t…
Thermal- and light-induced spin crossover in novel 2D Fe(II) metalorganic frameworks {Fe(4-PhPy)(2)[M(II)(CN)(x)](y)}.sH(2)O: spectroscopic, structur…
2009
Five novel two-dimensional coordination polymers {Fe(4PhPy)(2)[M(II)(CN)(4)]}.sH(2)O (4PhyPy = 4-phenylpyridine; 1: M(II) = Pd, s = 0; 2: M(II) = Ni, s = 0; 3: M(II) = Pt, s = 1) and {Fe(4PhPy)(2)[M(I)(CN)(2)](2)}.sH(2)O (4: M(I) = Ag, s = 1; 5: M(I) = Au, s = 0.5) exhibiting spin-crossover properties have been synthesized. They were characterized at various temperatures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The occurrence of a cooperative thermal spin transition detected by the magnetic method is located at critical temperatures T(c)( downward arrow)/T(c)( upward arrow) …
New Route to Polynuclear Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with Bridging Oxime Groups That Are Inaccessible by Conventional Preparations
2019
A series of new polynuclear complexes of divalent Ni and Cu with 2-cyano-2-oximino-acetic acid (later AACO2-) were obtained as the result of the ligand modification reaction in the process of complexation, using 2-cyano-2-oximino-acetates such as methyl- (later as MeCO), and ethyl- (as ECO later on). Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, thermal analysis, magnetochemistry, and X-ray crystallography. Crystal data revealed the formation of the dimeric [Ni(AACO)(H2O)3]2·H2O (1), trimeric K2[Ni3(AACO)4(H2O)4]·4H2O (2), and K2[Cu3(AACO)4(H2O)4]·4H2O (3) complexes, with bridging NO-groups cyanoxime dianions. In the latter two compounds, the AACO2– anions adopt cis-arr…
Tri- and tetranuclear heteropivalate complexes with core {Fe2Ni O} (x = 1, 2): Synthesis, structure, magnetic and thermal properties
2019
Abstract The reactions of complex [Fe2Ni(O)(Piv)6(Et2O)(H2O)2] (1) with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) gave the following new coordination compounds: the trinuclear complex [Fe2Ni(O)(Piv)6(phen)H2O]·(C2H5)2O (2), the tetranuclear ones [Fe2Ni2(OH)2(Piv)8(phen)2] (3) and [Fe2Ni2(OH)2(Piv)8(bpy)2] (4), depending on the crystallization conditions. According to single crystal X-ray diffraction data, all the compounds have molecular structures. The Mossbauer spectra of 1–3 correspond to high-spin Fe3+ ions in an octahedral environment consisting of oxygen atoms. The DC magnetic susceptibility studies and quantum-chemical analysis of intra- and intermolecular J pathways using…
Substrate-Independent Stable and Adherent Reactive Surface Coatings and their Conversion with Amines
2007
To create stable, adherent and reactive surface coatings, a hybrid polymer composed of poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSSQ) and poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) PFPA with a M n of 32000 g/mol was prepared by a RAFT polymerization procedure. These hybrid polymer has been used for coating experiments. The PFPA part enabled a variable functionalization of the coating afterwards. The stability on various substrates (e.g. glass, PMMA, steel) was tested in an ISO tape test. These reactive surface coatings were modified using different amines, such as amino-terminated PEG, dodecyl amine and N-isopropyl amine. The conversion was analyzed by FT-IR and contact angle measurements.
Phase transitions in some n-alkanes and petroleum waxes — investigation by photoacoustic and exoelectron emission techniques
2000
Abstract The use of the photoacoustic (PA) effect and photostimulated exoelectron emission (EEE) technique in the investigation of first- and second-order phase transitions in pure n -alkanes such as n -C 22 , n -C 28 and n -C 32 and in three petroleum waxes having different carbon number distributions, have been examined. Changes in the amplitude and phase of the PA signal with temperature and the temperature dependence of the intensity of photostimulated EEE across the phase transitions have been measured. These measurements have shown that both the polymorphic phase transitions and melting of these hydrocarbons are accompanied by jumps or peaks of the PA amplitude and phase and EEE inten…
Insights into catanionic vesicles thermal transition by NMR spectroscopy
2012
Oppositely charged ionic surfactants can self-assemble into hollow structures, called catanionic vesicles, where the anionic-cationic surfactant pair assumes a double-tailed zwitterionic attitude. In the present work, multilamellar- to-unilamellar thermal transition of a mixed aqueous system of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), with a slight excess of the anionic one, has been investigated by 1H, 2H, 14N NMR spectra and 23Na transverse relaxation measurements. It has been inferred that an increase of the temperature enhances the SDS counterion dissociation, which can be considered as one of the driving forces of the mentioned transition. Moreover, in…
HAPPY Dyes as Light Amplification Media in Thin Films
2021
A series of 1Hamorphous tri-phenyl pyridine (HAPPY) dyes have been synthesized from luminescent triphenyl-group-containing 2-methyl-6-styryl-substituted-4H-pyran-4-ylidene derivatives in reactions with benzylamine and investigated for suitability as solution-processable light-emitting medium components in thin films for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Conversion of a 4H-pyrane ring into a 1H-pyridine fragment enables aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior in the target products and slightly increases thermal stability, glass transition temperatures, and ASE efficiency with PLQY up to 15% and ASE thresholds as low as 46 μJ/cm2 in neat spin-cast films, although thermal…