Search results for "Thorax"
showing 10 items of 177 documents
Collective defence portfolios of ant hosts shift with social parasite pressure
2014
Host defences become increasingly costly as parasites breach successive lines of defence. Because selection favours hosts that successfully resist parasitism at the lowest possible cost, escalating coevolutionary arms races are likely to drive host defence portfolios towards ever more expensive strategies. We investigated the interplay between host defence portfolios and social parasite pressure by comparing 17 populations of two Temnothorax ant species. When successful, collective aggression not only prevents parasitation but also spares host colonies the cost of searching for and moving to a new nest site. However, once parasites breach the host's nest defence, host colonies should resor…
Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome: An Update
2012
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis that is characterized by the presence of fibrofolliculomas and/or trichodiscomas, pulmonary cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal tumors. The most common histological types found in renal tumors from patients with the syndrome are oncocytoma-chromophobe carcinoma hybrids and pure forms of chromophobe carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma, and clear cell or papillary cell carcinoma. The syndrome is linked to mutations in the FLCN gene, which encodes folliculin and is preferentially expressed in the skin, kidney, and lung. The syndrome can exhibit a high degree of clinical variability, and the skin lesions that are a warning si…
Structural heteropolysaccharides as air-tight sealants of the human pleura
2018
Pulmonary "air leaks," typically the result of pleural injury caused by lung surgery or chest trauma, result in the accumulation of air in the pleural space (pneumothorax). Air leaks are a major source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization after pulmonary surgery. Previous work has demonstrated structural heteropolysaccharide (pectin) binding to the mouse pleural glycocalyx. The similar lectin-binding characteristics and ultrastructural features of the human and mouse pleural glycocalyx suggested the potential application of these polymers in humans. To investigate the utility of pectin-based polymers, we developed a simulacrum using freshly obtained human pleura. Pressure-decay leak t…
Neumotórax espontáneo y presión atmosférica
2002
In order to assess factors associated with spontaneous pneumothorax (SP), mainly climatic changes, a prospective study was undertaken of 62 SP episodes among patients admitted to our hospital during a two-year period, from January 1994 to January 1996. Atmospheric pressure (AP) changes were analyzed, with daily recording of the number of unusual changes in AP (increases above 95th percentile and decreases below 5th percentile) and how many of these changes were followed by some episode of spontaneous pneumothorax during the following five days. To measure the degree of this association between the emergence of pneumothorax and exposure to unusual changes I AP, the relative risk (RR) was cal…
Ventilatory associated barotrauma in COVID-19 patients: A multicenter observational case control study (COVI-MIX-study)
2022
Background The risk of barotrauma associated with different types of ventilatory support is unclear in COVID- 19 patients. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different respiratory support strategies on barotrauma occurrence; we also sought to determine the frequency of barotrauma and the clinical characteristics of the patients who experienced this complication. Methods This multicentre retrospective case-control study from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 included COVID-19 patients who experienced barotrauma during hospital stay. They were matched with controls in a 1:1 ratio for the same admission period in the same ward of treatment. Univariable and multivari…
Pneumatoceles and pneumothoraces complicating staphylococcal pneumonia: treatment by synchronous independent lung ventilation.
1993
A 54 year old man with a staphylococcal sepsis developed staphylococcal pneumonia complicated by multiple pneumatoceles and bilateral tension pneumothoraces caused by bronchopleural fistulae. Excessive enlargement of the right sided pneumatoceles and a tension pneumothorax not improved by drainage led to mediastinal shift and compression of the right lung. Reversal of the mediastinal shift and closure of the bronchopleural fistulae was achieved by assisted independent lung ventilation.
Pseudomembranous invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis.
2004
Invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a rare infectious complication in severely immunocompromised patients who are generally neutropenic with haematological diseases, AIDS, or after solid organ transplantation. However, a few cases have been reported with no apparent severe compromise in the host defences.1 Aspergillus tracheobronchitis varies from localised tracheobronchitis …
Late consequences of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.
2013
A 54-year-old man was admitted to our clinic due to elevated γ-glutamyltransferase, without any clinical symptoms. About 25 years ago, he had undergone blunt abdominal and thoracic trauma during an accident. No diagnostic measures or therapy had been performed at that time. Serum bilirubin was normal, but the values for alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were slightly above the reference range. Sonography of the abdomen revealed dilated intrahepatic bile ducts up to 3 mm in diameter and steatosis of the liver grade I. CT scan and MRI of the thorax and abdomen showed a giant hiatal hernia with transposition of upper abdominal organs into the chest. As the …
Extracorporeal circulation and cardiac arrest in an awake patient: a safe approach for single lung pulmonary artery stenting?
2005
We describe the anesthetic concept and approach in a single lung patient scheduled for pulmonary artery stenting due to recurrence of a pulmonary artery sarcoma after left pneumectomy.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: one more walk on the wild side of drugs?
2014
In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Beynat-Mouterde et al. [1] report on six young adults (three of whom were female) who developed a clinical imaging pattern of predominant upper lobe fibrosis with apical pneumothoraces (fig. 1). Presentation in all six patients was similar with cough, dyspnoea, occasional chest pain and weight loss. Imaging was distinctive and showed a cephalad, irregular, pleural-based thickening that encroached on the lung bilaterally. Five patients presented with “platythorax” (fig. 2), a preferential reduction in the anterio-posterior diameter of the chest wall. In all patients, severe restrictive or restrictive-obstructive lung dysfunction progressed …