Search results for "Throughfall"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
Spatio-temporal variation of throughfall in a hyrcanian plain forest stand in Northern Iran
2018
Abstract Elucidating segregation of precipitation in different components in forest stands is important for proper forest ecosystems management. However, there is a lack of information on important rainfall components viz. throughfall, interception and stemflow in forest watersheds particularly in developing countries. We therefore investigated the spatiotemporal variation of important component of throughfall for a forest stand in a Hyrcanian plain forest in Noor City, northern Iran. The study area contained five species of Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Populus caspica and Parrotia persica. The research was conducted from July 2013 to July 2014 using a systematic sampling method…
The importance of the moss layer in sustaining biological diversity of Gamasina mites in coniferous forest soil
2008
Summary The feather moss layer of boreal coniferous forests is known to buffer the underlying soil temperature and to be a major component in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles by efficient scavenging of nutrients from throughfall and direct precipitation. Through indirect or direct effects the feather moss layer may also play a significant role in forming soil organism communities. In this 4-year experimental field study, the predatory Gamasina mite diversity was estimated in plots where the feather moss layer was removed or disturbed by turning over, in relation to that in control plots. Species richness, Shannon's diversity and equitability in spring but not autumn were decreased when th…
Response of water and nutrient fluxes to improvement fellings in a tropical montane forest in Ecuador
2009
Abstract Management of natural forests might be one option to reduce the high deforestation rate in Ecuador. We therefore evaluated the response of water and nutrient cycles in a natural tropical montane forest to improvement fellings with the aim of favoring economically valuable target trees which will later be harvested with additional ecosystem impacts not considered here. The study was conducted at ca. 1900–2200 m above sea level in the south Ecuadorian Andes on the east-exposed slope of the east cordillera. In June 2004, one of two paired ca. 10-ha large catchments was thinned by felling 10.2% of the initial basal area (dbh ≥ 10 cm) on 30% of the catchment. The stems remained in situ.…
Water budgets of three small catchments under montane forest in Ecuador: experimental and modelling approach
2006
The water budget of forested catchments controls the local water supply and influences the regional climate. To assess the anthropogenic impact on the water cycle, we constructed a water budget for three ∼10 ha catchments under lower montane forest on the east-facing slope of the Andes in south Ecuador at 1900–2150 m elevation. We used field hydrological measurements and modelled surface flows with TOPMODEL, a semi-distributed catchment model. We measured incident precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and surface flow between May 1998 and April 2002 in hourly to weekly resolution, and determined all variables needed to parameterise TOPMODEL. On average, of the four monitored years and three…
Short-term response of the Ca cycle of a montane forest in Ecuador to low experimental CaCl2 additions
2013
The tropical montane forests of the E Andean cordillera in Ecuador receive episodic Sahara-dust inputs particularly increasing Ca deposition. We added CaCl2 to isolate the effect of Ca deposition by Sahara dust to tropical montane forest from the simultaneously occurring pH effect. We examined components of the Ca cycle at four control plots and four plots with added Ca (2 x 5kg ha(-1) Ca annually as CaCl2) in a random arrangement. Between August 2007 and December 2009 (four applications of Ca), we determined Ca concentrations and fluxes in litter leachate, mineral soil solution (0.15 and 0.30 m depths), throughfall, and fine litterfall and Al concentrations and speciation in soil solutions…
Estimation of winter leaf area index and sky view fraction for snow modelling in boreal coniferous forests: consequences on snow mass and energy bala…
2012
Abstract in Undetermined Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy coverage are important parameters when modelling snow process in coniferous forests, controlling interception and transmitting radiation. Estimates of LAI and sky view factor show large variability depending on the estimation method used, and it is not clear how this is reflected in the calculated snow processes beneath the canopy. In this study, the winter LAI and sky view fraction were estimated using different optical and biomass-based approximations in several boreal coniferous forest stands in Fennoscandia with different stand density, age and site latitude. The biomass-based estimate of LAI derived from forest inventory data wa…
Spatial throughfall heterogeneity in a montane rain forest in Ecuador: Extent, temporal stability and drivers
2009
Summary The drivers of spatial throughfall heterogeneity are still not fully understood. At an undisturbed forest site in the Ecuadorian Andes with ca. 2600 mm of annual rainfall we determined the accuracy of throughfall measurements by comparing Hellmann-type funnel gauges with troughs. At the same undisturbed and a managed, selectively-logged forest site we determined spatial variability of throughfall, temporal stability of spatial variability and the controls of spatial throughfall variability using a 4-year dataset in weekly resolution. There were no systematic differences between the collected volumes of funnel gauges and troughs. Based on the statistical distribution of annual throug…
Response of total and nitrate-dissimilating bacteria to reduced N deposition in a spruce forest soil profile
2009
A field-scale manipulation experiment conducted for 16 years in a Norway spruce forest at Solling, Central Germany, was used to follow the long-term response of total soil bacteria, nitrate reducers and denitrifiers under conditions of reduced N deposition. N was experimentally removed from throughfall by a roof construction (‘clean rain plot’). We used substrate-induced respiration (SIR) to characterize the active fraction of soil microbial biomass and potential nitrate reduction to quantify the activity of nitrate reducers. The abundance of total bacteria, nitrate reducers and denitrifiers in different soil layers was analysed by quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA gene, nitrate reduction and de…
Response of the N and P cycles of an old-growth montane forest in Ecuador to experimental low-level N and P amendments
2010
Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions are expected to increase in the tropics as a consequence of increasing human activities in the next decades. In the literature, it is frequently assumed that tropical montane forests are N-limited, while tropical lowland forests are P-limited. In a low-level N and P addition experiment, we determined the short-term response of N and P cycles in a north Andean montane forest on Palaeozoic shists and metasandstones at an elevation of 2100 m a.s.l. to increased N and P inputs. We evaluated experimental N, P and N + P additions (50 kg ha −1 yr −1 of N, 10 kg ha −1 yr −1 of P and 50 kg + 10 kg ha −1 yr −1 of N and P, respectivel…