Search results for "Thyroid cancer"

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 sensitizes anaplastic thyroid cancer to standard chemotherapy

2009

We previously showed that cancer cells from papillary, follicular, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas produce interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, which counteract the cytotoxic activity of conventional chemotherapy through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic molecules. Here, we identify Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT as the down-stream pathways through which these cytokines confer resistance to cell death in thyroid cancer. We found that the absence of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules allows the propagation of the survival signaling. Exogenous expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS5 in the high…

Tumorigenic and Metastatic Activity of Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells

2012

The recent discovery of CSCs as responsible for tumor development and progression has considerable therapeutic implications, since current cytotoxic drugs have a limited efficacy on CSCs and need to be replaced by target therapies. For this reason, much research effort has been addressed to identify and isolate CSCs as well as to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control oncogenic process and chemotherapy resistance. Thyroid carcinomas are the most frequently diagnosed endocrine malignancy with a global increasing incidence. Data obtained during PhD course in Immunopharmacology showed that thyroid cancer tissues derived from follicular, papillary or anaplastic subtypes …

CARCINOMA SHOWING THYMUS-LIKE DIFFERENTIATION (CASTLE). A CASE REPORT

2013

INTRODUTION: Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare malignant thyroid cancer. We report a case of CASTLE treated with surgery and adjuvant external neck radiation therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We experienced a case of CASTLE in a 63-year-old man, who presented with a neck mass due to enlarged and hard thyroid gland, most notably in the right lobe, without palpable cervical nodes.RESULTS: Total thyroidectomy was performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histologic examination of the specimen showed a "thymus like" thyroid cancer; the tumor, partially circumscribed, lobulated, involved both lobes, and in more points reached the capsule of the organ and…

Surgical complications in prophylactic central neck dissection: Preliminary findings from a retrospective cohort study

2014

Aim. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid malignancy with an overall ten-year survival more than 90%. Total thyroidectomy (TT) is considered the gold standard for PTC, but not all the endocrine surgeons agree on central neck dissection except in case of known metastases. Methods. We enrolled 158 patients, that underwent, between January 1990 and September 2012 total thyroidectomy±prophylactic CND for PTC. 59 Patients (group A) had a preoperative diagnosis of PTC; 99 (group B) had a diagnosis of benign disease. We focused on possible complications. Results. In group A we had 4 patients who blamed a definitive RLN palsy, only 1 patient in group B, with an OR=7.12. De…

Role of prophylactic central neck dissection in cN0-papillary thyroid carcinoma: Results from a high-prevalence area

2016

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic, compartment-oriented central neck dissection (CND) for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is not widely practiced. We examined our results with this surgical approach. METHODS: A cohort of 158 patients operated on for the classical variant of PTC at a follow-up of 1-22 years (mean: 6.6) were enrolled. The patients with a preoperative diagnosis of cN0 PTC (group A, 59 patients) underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) + CND. In the patients with incidental postoperative diagnosis of malignancy (group B, 99 patients) a TT alone was performed. RESULTS: Ninety-six T1, 36 T2, 26 T3/T4 PTC patients were enrolled. The overall biochemical/scintigraphic recurrence rate (15 pat…

Neck node dissection in thyroid cancer. A review.

2010

INTRODUCTION: thyroid cancer recurs most commonly in one or more cervical lymph nodes. Surgical treatment for differentiated or medullary thyroid carcinoma consists of total thyroidectomy (TT). The aim is to elucidate the potential benefits and drawbacks of neck dissection TT related. MATERIALS AND METHODS: differences between therapeutic and prophylactic neck dissection were analysed to prevent post-operative morbidity, neck recurrences and improve survival. DISCUSSION: there is considerable controversy regarding the treatment of patients with cervical node metastases specially in differentiated thyroid cancer. Considering that a neck dissection might help to reduce local recurrence, espec…

Search for the mutation of B-RAFV600E in FNA of thyroid nodules

2006

The significance of FNAC in diagnosing differentiated thyroid cancer and the discrepancy between theory and practice - a multi-centre study.

2020

 After non-invasive diagnostic modalities high risk thyroid nodules are investigated with fine needle aspiration cytology in order to find the right surgical strategy for suspected malignancies. Despite the clear recommendation by the European and the American associations (ETA, ATA) its clinical value is doubted and its importance in clinical practice not fully clarified. A multicentric study of 119 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer operated on in 24 surgical departments was conducted. The aim was not only to evaluate the use of FNAC as a diagnostic tool, but also to investigate its diagnostic validity and compare it with that of other, non-invasive diagnostic methods. FNAC was u…

Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives

2021

Simple Summary Ultrasound has been used as baseline imaging for thyroid nodules for decades; nevertheless, no single feature is sensitive or specific enough to exclude or confirm thyroid malignancy. Therefore, clinical practice and research still focus on less invasive diagnostic patterns to reduce unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsies or surgery. The main advantage of CEUS is the ability to assess the sequence and intensity of vascular perfusion and hemodynamics in the thyroid nodule, thus providing real-time characterization of nodule features, and considered a valuable new approach in the determination of benign vs. malignant nodules. In addition, contrast agents used in CEUS can h…

A two miRNA classifier differentiates follicular thyroid carcinomas from follicular thyroid adenomas.

2015

The inherent diagnostic limitations of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA), especially in the "indeterminate" category, can be partially overcome by molecular analyses. We aimed at the identification of miRNAs that could be used to improve the discrimination of indeterminate FNAs. miRNA expression profiling was performed for 17 follicular carcinomas (FTCs) and 8 follicular adenomas (FAs). The microarray results underwent cross-comparison using three additional microarray data sets. Candidate miRNAs were validated by qPCR in an independent set of 32 FTCs and 46 FAs. Sixty-eight differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Thirteen miRNAs could be confirmed by cross comparison. A two-miR…