Search results for "Time factor"

Comparing the characteristics of homeless adults in Poland and the United States.

2014

This study compared the characteristics of probability samples of homeless adults in Poland (N = 200 from two cities) and the United States (N = 219 from one city), using measures with established reliability and validity in homeless populations. The same measures were used across nations and a systemic translation procedure assured comparability of measurement. The two samples were similar on some measures: In both nations, most homeless adults were male, many reported having dependent children and experiencing out-of-home placements when they themselves were children, and high levels of physical health problems were observed. Significant national differences were also found: Those in Pola…

Antibodies to vascular endothelial cells in chronic rejection of renal allografts.

2000

Daily follow-up of bacterial communities in the human gut reveals stable composition and host-specific patterns of interaction

2012

In the last decade, an extensive effort has been made to characterize the human intestinal microbiota by means of SSU rRNA gene sequence and metagenomic analysis. Relatively few studies have followed intestinal bacterial communities over time to assess their stability in the absence of perturbation. In this study, we have monitored the faecal bacteria of three healthy subjects during 15 consecutive days. The global community structure was analysed through SSU rRNA gene sequencing. In agreement with previous studies, we found that the between-subject variation in community structure was larger than within. The composition was fairly stable throughout, although daily fluctuations were detecte…

Treatment with C1 inhibitor concentrate in abdominal pain attacks of patients with hereditary angioedema

2005

BACKGROUND: Abdominal edema attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema are often extremely painful, associated with vomiting and diarrhea, and have a high potential for causing recurrent disability of the patient. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Intraindividual comparison of retrospective data in 75 hereditary angioedema patients comprising 4,834 abdominal attacks treated with C1 inhibitor concentrate versus 17,444 untreated abdominal attacks. RESULTS: The mean duration of abdominal attacks was 92.0 hours (SD, 40.8 hr) when untreated compared to 39.9 hours (SD, 30.0 hr) when treated. Patients reported a mean maximal pain score of 8.6 (SD, 1.7; range, 1-10) for untreated attacks compared to 4.…

Cetuximab plus cisplatin–5-fluorouracil versus cisplatin–5-fluorouracil alone in first-line metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a ra…

2009

Abstract Background This study assessed the activity of the mAb cetuximab in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients and methods For a maximum of six 29-day cycles, patients received cisplatin 100 mg/m2, day 1, plus 5-FU 1000 mg/m2, days 1–5 (CF), either alone or in combination with cetuximab (CET–CF; 400 mg/m2 initial dose followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly thereafter). The primary end point was tumor response. Tumor material was obtained for analysis of KRAS mutation status. Results Sixty-two eligible patients were included, 32 receiving CET–CF and 30 CF. Cetuximab did not exacerbate grade 3/4 toxicity, except for rash (6% ve…

Effect of gut-derived acetate on oral glucose tolerance in man.

1988

1. Dietary fibre has a moderating impact on glucose metabolism. To test the hypothesis that this effect of fibre may be mediated by its breakdown product acetate, oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in healthy volunteers with and without acetate. 2. Five subjects received 50 g of glucose orally while taking either acetate (15 mmol every 15 min) by mouth or chloride as control. Oral acetate made no detectable difference to glucose tolerance or to levels of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, insulin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. 3. The 50 g dose of glucose temporarily depressed acetate levels in blood. This was probably due to an interaction between glucos…

The influence of temporal factors on automatic priming and conscious expectancy in a simple reaction time task.

2009

In a previous study, we reported a dissociation between subjective expectancy and motor behaviour in a simple associative learning task (Perruchet, Cleeremans, & Destrebecqz, 2006). According to previous conditioning studies (Clark, Manns, & Squire, 2001), this dissociation is observed when the to-be-associated events coterminate and thus overlap in time (a training regimen called delay conditioning), but not when they are separated by a temporal delay (trace conditioning). In this latter situation indeed, there tends to be a direct relationship between subjective expectancy and behaviour. In this study, we further investigated this issue in a series of experiments where conscious …

Changes in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in women victims of physical and psychological intimate partner violence

2003

Background Although intimate partner violence (IPV) has a great impact on women's health, few studies have assessed the consequences on physiologic responses. Methods Women abused by their intimate male partners either physically (n = 70) or psychologically (n = 46) were compared with nonabused control women (n = 46). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, pharmacologic treatment, lifetime history of victimization (childhood and adulthood), and mental health status (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD) was obtained through structured interviews. Saliva samples were collected at 8 am and 8 pm for 4 consecutive days to determine morning and eveni…

Long-term hydrocephalus alters the cytoarchitecture of the adult subventricular zone

2014

Hydrocephalus can develop secondarily to a disturbance in production, flow and/or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Experimental models of hydrocephalus, especially subacute and chronic hydrocephalus, are few and limited, and the effects of hydrocephalus on the subventricular zone are unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term obstructive hydrocephalus on the subventricular zone, which is the neurogenic niche lining the lateral ventricles. We developed a new method to induce hydrocephalus by obstructing the aqueduct of Sylvius in the mouse brain, thus simulating aqueductal stenosis in humans. In 120-day-old rodents (n = 18 per group), the degree of ventricular d…

Acute, subchronic and discontinuation effects of zopiclone on sleep EEG and nocturnal melatonin secretion

1996

Zopiclone is a new short half-life cyclopyrrolone hypnotic agent acting at the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. In order to characterize its pharmacological profile, the effects of 7.5 mg zopiclone on nocturnal melatonin secretion were investigated under polysomnographic control in 11 healthy subjects following acute and subchronic administration as well as after abrupt discontinuation of the drug. No effect of zopiclone on the melatonin plasma levels could be observed. Regarding both total melatonin production and the temporal pattern of melatonin secretion during the night, there was no difference between placebo baseline condition, acute and subchronic administration, and discontinu…