Search results for "Tobacco use"
showing 10 items of 65 documents
Long-term effects of nicotine gum on weight gain after smoking cessation.
1999
Smoking cessation usually results in weight gain. Nicotine gum therapy has been found to reduce weight gain in the first months after cessation, but its long-term effects are not fully known. The present study randomly assigned 608 smokers to receive placebo, 2 or 4 mg nicotine gum. In a follow-up analysis to the short-term weight change results reported in a previous paper [Doherty, Militello, Kinnunen, & Garvey (1996), Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64:799-807], we examined the effects of the nicotine gum on weight change for 1 year after cessation among the 92 1-year abstainers. We found that weight change showed some variation with gum dose (active vs. placebo), but that …
Association of attentional network function with exon 5 variations of the CHRNA4 gene
2007
Mutational analyses in xenopus oocyte and mice models indicate that the positive effect of nicotine on attention may be modulated by genetic variations within exon 5 of the alpha4 subunit of the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA4. The potential relevance of exon 5 is further emphasized by two recent family-based association studies of nicotine dependence because subgroups of nicotine-dependent subjects are thought to 'self-medicate' attentional deficits with nicotine. We investigated a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP): rs1044396, which has recently been associated with nicotine-dependence, plus two adjacent synonymous SNPs rs1044394 and rs1044393 in exon 5 of n …
Impact of the 2005 and 2010 Spanish smoking laws on hospital admissions for tobacco-related diseases in Valencia, Spain
2020
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the impact of the latest smoke-free legislation on hospital admission rates due to smoking-related diseases in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in hospital admission rates for cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and smoking-related cancer in Valencia, Spain, during the period 1995-2013. Law 28/2005 and then law 42/2010 prohibited smoking in bars and restaurants as well as playgrounds and access points to schools and hospitals. METHODS: General population data by age and sex were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics census. Data on hospital admissions were obtained from the Minimum Basic…
Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence in first episode and established psychosis
2019
Aim\ud People with psychotic disorders have increased premature mortality in comparison with the general population, with high rates of cigarette use a contributing factor. We aimed to describe the prevalence of cigarette use and nicotine dependence (ND) in first episode psychosis (FEP), and established psychosis; and to investigate associations between clinical symptoms and ND.\ud \ud Methodology\ud Smoking and clinical data were collected from two cohorts: 181 people with FEP recruited as part of the Physical Health and Substance Use Measures in First Onset Psychosis (PUMP) study and from 432 people with established psychosis recruited as part of the Improving\ud physical health and reduc…
Human dopamine receptor D2/D3 availability predicts amygdala reactivity to unpleasant stimuli
2009
r r Abstract: Dopamine (DA) modulates the response of the amygdala. However, the relation between dopa- minergic neurotransmission in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions and amygdala reactivity to affective stimuli has not yet been established. To address this issue, we measured DA D2/D3 receptor (DRD2/3) availability in twenty-eight healthy men (nicotine-dependent smokers and never-smokers) using positron emission tomography with ( 18 F)fallypride. In the same group of participants, amygdala response to unpleasant visual stimuli was determined using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional mag- netic resonance imaging. The effects of DRD2/3 availability in emotion-related brain …
Risk gene variants for nicotine dependence in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster are associated with cognitive performance
2010
Recent studies strongly support an association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 with nicotine dependence (ND). However, the precise genotype-phenotype relationship is still unknown. Clinical and epidemiological data on smoking behavior raise the possibility that the relevant gene variants may indirectly contribute to the development of ND by affecting cognitive performance in some smokers who consume nicotine for reasons of "cognition enhancement." Here, we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs684513, rs637137, rs16969968, rs578776, rs1051730, rs3743078, rs3813567 from the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster for association with ND, me…
Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma and its subtypes: a pooled analysis from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymp…
2013
Kamper-Jorgensen, M Rostgaard, K Glaser, S L Zahm, S H Cozen, W Smedby, K E Sanjose, S Chang, E T Zheng, T La Vecchia, C Serraino, D Monnereau, A Kane, E V Miligi, L Vineis, P Spinelli, J J McLaughlin, J R Pahwa, P Dosman, J A Vornanen, M Foretova, L Maynadie, M Staines, A Becker, N Nieters, A Brennan, P Boffetta, P Cocco, P Hjalgrim, H eng 5 ROI CA69269/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2013/06/22 06:00 Ann Oncol. 2013 Sep;24(9):2245-55. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt218. Epub 2013 Jun 19.; International audience; BACKGROUND: The etiology of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains incompletely characterized. Studies of the association between smok…
Smoking Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Dimensionality of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives and Identify Di…
2014
Introduction The present study aims to investigate the dimensionality of the brief version of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (B-WISDM) and identify different smoking motivational profiles among young daily smokers (N = 375). Methods We tested 3 measurement models of the B-WISDM using confirmatory factor analysis, whereas cluster analysis was used to identify the smokers' motivational profiles. Furthermore, we compared clusters toward dependence level and the number of cigarettes smoked per day using analysis of variance tests. Results The results confirmed that the B-WISDM measures 11 first-order intercorrelated factors. The second-order model, originally proposed for…
GHPSS multicenter Italian survey: smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes, and tobacco cessation training among third-year medical students
2013
Aims and background Healthcare professionals have an important role to play both as advisers – influencing smoking cessation – and as role models. The aims of this study were to examine smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes among Italian university students attending medical schools using the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) approach. Methods and study design A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among University students of 9 Italian medical schools (age ranging between 19 and 29 years). The GHPSS questionnaire was self-administered. A logistic regression model was used to identify possible factors associated with tobacco smoking status. Data were analyzed…
Fertility in males after childhood, adolescent, and adult inguinal operations
2018
Abstract Background/purpose Inguinal hernia repair and orchidopexy are among the most common operations in boys. The impact on future fertility has not been conclusively defined. This study evaluates sperm quality after previous inguinal surgery. Methods Spermiograms of men with a desire to conceive children were analyzed. History of previous inguinal surgery (hernia repair, orchidopexy, varicocele ligation) was correlated with sperm quality. Other influential factors (age, BMI, chronic medication, tobacco use) were also tested. Results A total of 333 patients were included. Overall, 12.6% of the subjects had undergone previous inguinal surgery. Of these, 17 (43%) were inguinal hernia repai…