Search results for "Toe"

showing 10 items of 3824 documents

Optical near-field microscopy of light focusing through a photonic crystal flat lens

2008

We report here the direct observation by using a scanning near-field microscopy technique of the light focusing through a photonic crystal flat lens designed and fabricated to operate at optical frequencies. The lens is fabricated using a III-V semiconductor slab, and we directly visualize the propagation of the electromagnetic waves by using a scanning near-field optical microscope. We directly evidence spatially, as well as spectrally, the focusing operating regime of the lens. At last, in light of the experimental scanning near-field optical microscope pictures, we discuss the lens ability to focus light at a subwavelength scale.

SuperlensMaterials sciencebusiness.industryFlat lensNear-field opticsPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticsLens (optics)Optical axis[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]Opticslaw0103 physical sciencesMicroscopyOptoelectronicsNear-field scanning optical microscope010306 general physicsbusinessPhotonic crystal
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An Ensemble Learning Method for Emotion Charting Using Multimodal Physiological Signals

2022

Emotion charting using multimodal signals has gained great demand for stroke-affected patients, for psychiatrists while examining patients, and for neuromarketing applications. Multimodal signals for emotion charting include electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals. EEG, ECG, and GSR are also known as physiological signals, which can be used for identification of human emotions. Due to the unbiased nature of physiological signals, this field has become a great motivation in recent research as physiological signals are generated autonomously from human central nervous system. Researchers have developed multiple methods for …

Support Vector MachineEmotionsWavelet AnalysisHumansElectroencephalographyElectrical and Electronic EngineeringArousalemotion charting; EEG signals; physiological signals; ECG signals; ICA; stacked autoencoder; ensemble classifierVDP::Teknologi: 500::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi: 550BiochemistryInstrumentationAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsAnalytical ChemistrySensors
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Supported iridium catalysts for the total oxidation of short chain alkanes and their mixtures: Influence of the support

2021

13 figures, 3 tables.-- Supplementary information available.-- © 2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

SupportsGeneral Chemical EngineeringTotal oxidationchemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyIridium oxide010402 general chemistryIridium01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringCatalysislaw.inventionsymbols.namesakeAdsorptionX-ray photoelectron spectroscopylawAlkanesEnvironmental ChemistryCalcinationIridiumVOCsGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical scienceschemistryChemical engineeringsymbols0210 nano-technologyRaman spectroscopy
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Determination of surface and interface magnetic properties for the multiferroic heterostructure Co/BaTiO3using spleed and arpes

2016

Co/BaTiO$_3$(001) is one of the most interesting multiferroic heterostructures as it combines different ferroic phases, setting this way the fundamentals for innovative technical applications. Various theoretical approaches have been applied to investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of Co/BaTiO$_3$(001). Here we determine the magnetic properties of 3 ML Co/BaTiO$_3$ by calculating spin-polarized electron diffraction as well as angle-resolved photoemission spectra, with both methods being well established as surface sensitive techniques. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of altering the BaTiO$_3$ polarization on the spectra and ascribe the observed changes to characteristic deta…

Surface (mathematics)Condensed Matter - Materials ScienceMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)FOS: Physical sciencesHeterojunctionAngle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy02 engineering and technologyElectronic structure021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesSpectral lineCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceElectron diffraction0103 physical sciencesGeneral Materials ScienceMultiferroics010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyPolarization (electrochemistry)Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
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Semiconductor optical waveguide devices modulated by surface acoustic waves

2019

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceAcoustics and Ultrasonicsbusiness.industry02 engineering and technologyAcoustic wave021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials020210 optoelectronics & photonicsSemiconductor0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringOptoelectronics0210 nano-technologybusinessJournal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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Instability of the topological surface state in Bi2Se3 upon deposition of gold

2017

Momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy indicates the instability of the Dirac surface state upon deposition of gold on the (0001) surface of the topological insulator Bi2Se3. Based on the str ...

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsPhotoemission spectroscopyDirac (software)02 engineering and technologyState (functional analysis)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesInstabilityTopological insulator0103 physical sciencesDeposition (phase transition)Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyPhysical Review B
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Second-harmonic generation in surface periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides:On the role of multiphoton absorption

2008

Second harmonic generation is investigated in lithium niobate channels realized by proton exchange and quasi-phase-matched by surface periodic-poling. The reduction in conversion efficiency at high powers is interpreted in terms of multi-photon absorption via two-color terms, yielding an estimate of the dominating three-photon process.

Surface (mathematics)Materials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Protonbusiness.industryLithium niobateEnergy conversion efficiencyGeneral EngineeringGeneral Physics and AstronomySecond-harmonic generationFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics::Opticschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryOptoelectronicslithium niobate channel multi-photon absorptionbusinessAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Physics - OpticsOptics (physics.optics)
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Luminescence of the surface nonbridging oxygen hole center in silica: Spectral and decay properties

2008

We investigated the red luminescence in a porous film of silica nanoparticles, originating from surface nonbridging oxygen hole centers. The excitation spectrum was measured from 1.8 to 8.0 eV by a tunable laser system and a synchrotron radiation source; this spectrum evidences a peak at 2.0 eV, nearly overlapping with the emission, and an ultraviolet broadband with peaks at 4.8 and 6.0 eV. The emission is characterized by a spectrum with two subbands split by 0.07 eV, its decay occurs with lifetime longer than 30 microsec and undergoes a thermal quenching by a factor aboout 2 with increasing temperature from 10 to 290 K. The optical characteristics of surface and bulk centers are discussed…

Surface (mathematics)Materials sciencebusiness.industryTime resolved luminescenceOptoelectronicsdefects nanoparticles luminescence time resolved measurements silicaCenter (algebra and category theory)Condensed Matter PhysicsbusinessLuminescencePorous mediumElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsNonbridging oxygen
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Dynamic carrier distribution in quantum wells modulated by surface acoustic waves

2001

We have investigated the dynamics of photogenerated carriers under surface acoustic wave (SAW) fields in GaAs quantum wells using spatially and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The frequency and phase of the PL oscillations under a SAW yield information about the carrier distribution and the band-gap modulation induced by the SAW. We directly prove that the transport properties of the carriers ultimately control their distribution, storage and, subsequent recombination in the modulated potential.

Surface (mathematics)PhysicsYield (engineering)Photoluminescencebusiness.industrySurface acoustic wavePhase (waves)Acoustic waveCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceModulationOptoelectronicsbusinessQuantum well
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Light source inner surface changes depending on treatment

2008

Our work is connected with the preparation of different type of electrodeless discharge lamps. In this work we investigate the influence of the SiO2 glass wall treatment procedures on the inner surface of the electrodeless lamps. Three different treatment procedures were applied: vacuum cleaning, vacuum-thermal cleaning and training in the high frequency discharge. The surface modification has been investigated by means of atomic force microscopy. Substantial changes of the SiO2 glass surface have been observed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Surface (mathematics)Work (thermodynamics)Gas-discharge lampbusiness.industryAtomic force microscopyChemistryAnalytical chemistryCondensed Matter Physicslaw.inventionLight sourcelawOptoelectronicsSurface modificationbusinessphysica status solidi c
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