Search results for "Toxicity"
showing 10 items of 2261 documents
Characterisation and treatment of waste incineration bottom ash and leachate
2012
Flash infrared annealing as a cost-effective and low environmental impact processing method for planar perovskite solar cells
2019
Abstract For successful commercialization of perovskite solar cells, straightforward solutions in terms of environmental impact and economic feasibility are still required. Flash Infrared Annealing (FIRA) is a rapid method to fabricate perovskite solar cells with efficiencies >18% on simple, planar architecture, which allows a film synthesis in only 1.2 s, faster than the previous report based in a meso architecture and all of them without the usage of antisolvent. In this work, through a comparative study with the common lab-scale method, the so-called antisolvent (AS), the main photovoltaic parameters and working mechanisms obtained from impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show simil…
Influence of Nanoparticle Exposure on Nervous System Development in Zebrafish Studied by Means of Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
2016
Zebrafish has a remarkable similarity in the molecular signaling processes, cellular structure, anatomy and physiology to other higher order vertebrates, making it an excellent vertebrate model organism (1). Recently, zebrafish has been used for neurotoxicity screening of numerous nanomaterials with a focus on the developmental effects due to the possibility of in vivo visualization of specific neurons and axon tracts by injecting dyes in live animals as well in fixed ones (2). Here we propose Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) (3) (4) to perform neurotoxicity studies, in order to study the nervous system architecture and to image 3D structures in the brain of live larvae during the…
Composition influence on pulmonary delivery of rifampicin liposomes.
2012
The effects of lipid concentration and composition on the physicochemical properties, aerosol performance and in vitro toxicity activity of several rifampicin-loaded liposomes were investigated. To this purpose, six liposome formulations containing different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine and hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, with and without cholesterol and oleic acid, were prepared and fully characterized. Uni- or oligo-lamellar, small (~100 nm), negatively charged (~60 mV) vesicles were obtained. Lipid composition affected aerosol delivery features of liposomal rifampicin; in particular, the highest phospholipid concentration led to a better packing of the vesic…
Low-weight carboxylic acids as potential risk factor of compost phytotoxicity
2009
Being intermediates of organic matter degradation, low-weight carboxylic acids (LWCA) can occur at phytotoxic concentrations on bioactive soils or in the processed organic material applied to soil. While toxicity potentials and mixture effects of LWCA are still poorly known, the potential phytotoxicity of the biomaterials is difficult to assess. In the study effective concentrations (EC) of formic, acetic and propionic acids at non adjusted pH were obtained in short-term germination assays (48 h for cress, Lepidium sativum, and 120 h for ryegrass Lolium multiflorum) and subchronic growth assays (21d). Based on the EC values, LWCA inhibited more strongly plant growth than seed germination. I…
Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis essential oil and its main component to the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae: ingestion toxicity, electrophysiologica…
2021
In recent years, botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs), or their main components, have received much attention as promising tools for Integrated Pest Management, due to their environmental safety and low side effects on non-target organisms. In this study, Carlina acaulis EO and its main component, carlina oxide, recently proven to be effective larvicidal and adulticidal agents against some insect pests, were analyzed for their toxicity, electroantennographic (EAG), and behavioral responses to adult olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). The C. acaulis EO was more toxic to the tephritid than the carlina oxide, and both were more toxic to the same insect pest than EOs from other …
Role of low-weight carboxylic acids in phytotoxicity of composts
2013
Sea urchin embryos as an in vivo model for the assessment of manganese toxicity: developmental and stress response effects.
2008
Manganese (Mn), one of the most abundant metals in nature present in rocks, soil and water, is also found in soft bottom sediments of the oceans. It represents a trace element that is accumulated and utilized by all forms of life and plays multiple roles ranging from bone mineralization to cellular protection. Although Mn is an essential nutrient, exposure of cells/organisms to high levels of Mn cause toxicity. In the marine environment, increased concentrations of bio-available Mn often result from anthropogenic activities, and consequently, Mn represents a new important factor in environmental contamination. Emission of Mn into the marine environment occurs from metallurgic and chemical i…
Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) to the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients.
2007
The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) has been used for the safety assessment of packaging migrants and flavouring agents that occur in food. The approach compares the estimated oral intake with a TTC value derived from chronic oral toxicity data for structurally-related compounds. Application of the TTC approach to cosmetic ingredients and impurities requires consideration of whether route-dependent differences in first-pass metabolism could affect the applicability of TTC values derived from oral data to the topical route. The physicochemical characteristics of the chemical and the pattern of cosmetic use would affect the long-term average internal dose that is compared with the re…
Lymphocytes from hepatic inflammatory infiltrate kill rat hepatocytes in primary culture
1990
In the last few years it has become possible in the liver to isolate lymphocytes from inflammatory infiltrates and to culture them in vitro. Most of the lymphocyte clones obtained are CD 8 + cytotoxic cells, but interactions between these lymphocytes and hepatocytes in primary culture have not been analysed previously. In this study, cloned human T lymphocytes from liver biopsies and from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B or primary biliary cirrhosis, after phenotypical and functional characterization into CD 8+ or CD 4+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, were activated in an antigen-independent fashion by adding either anti CD 3 or anti CD 2/R-3 monoclonal antibodies to the cel…