Search results for "Toxicity"

Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as first-line therapy in elderly women with HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer.

2022

Background. The use of anthracyclines in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is limited by cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity mostly in elderly women with comorbidities. The aim of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet®) and cyclophosphamide in elderly women as HER2 negative first-line MBC treatment. Methods. 84 elderly women >70 years of age (median age 78 years) with MBC HER2 negative were enrolled. Performance Status in 58 patients was ECOG-0 and in 26 patients was ECOG-1. Results. The drug was well tolerated, with overall response rates were >40%, median overall survival was 16.2 months (95%CI:14.6- 18.8…

Antibacterial activity of the enniatins A, A1, B, B1 produced by fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxicity effects on Caco-2 cells

2010

Acute Toxicity Tests with Cadmium, Lead, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, and Bacillus thuringiensis on a Temporary Pond Ostracod

2012

A complete assessment of effects of pollutants in the environment requires the use of a wide assemblage of test organisms. Crustaceans have been widely used in aquatic environments, but within this group, ostracods have been overlooked, even though they are one of the commonest groups of animals in temporary waters. Within this framework, static acute toxicity bioassays were conducted with heavy metals Cd and Pb, the surfactant SDS and spores of the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis using adult parthenogenetic females of the temporary pond ostracod Heterocypris bosniaca. Experiments were run at 20 °C and in a 12 by 12 h photoperiod. The toxicity tests results are expressed a…

Comparing the acute response to cadmium toxicity of nauplii from different populations ofArtemia

2002

The lethal responses to cadmium of instar II nauplii from eight populations of Artemia belonging to the species Artemia franciscana, Artemia salina, Artemia persimilis, and Artemia parthenogenetica have been compared. Generalized linear models were used to fit mortality. The model indicates that there is a relationship between species, type of population, and mortality rate. The two populations of A. franciscana were the most sensitive to cadmium toxicity (median lethal concentration, LC50, of 93.3-142 mg/L), while the population of A. persimilis was the most resistant (LC50 of 284 mg/L). Differences in the phenotypic variability in each population were assessed through the slope of the mor…

Rebalancing β-Amyloid-Induced Decrease of ATP Level by Amorphous Nano/Micro Polyphosphate: Suppression of the Neurotoxic Effect of Amyloid β-Protein …

2017

Morbus Alzheimer neuropathology is characterized by an impaired energy homeostasis of brain tissue. We present an approach towards a potential therapy of Alzheimer disease based on the high-energy polymer inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), which physiologically occurs both in the extracellular and in the intracellular space. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells, as well as rat primary cortical neurons were exposed to the Alzheimer peptide Aβ25-35. They were incubated in vitro with polyphosphate (polyP); ortho-phosphate was used as a control. The polymer remained as Na+ salt; or complexed in a stoichiometric ratio to Ca2+ (Na-polyP[Ca2+]); or was processed as amorphous Ca-polyP microparticles (C…

In vitro evaluation of biomimetic chitosan-calcium phosphate scaffolds with potential application in bone tissue engineering.

2013

This work reports on the physicochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of chitosan–calcium phosphate (Cs–CP) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, which were synthesized by a novel biomimetic co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the porous morphology of the scaffolds and the amorphous nature of the inorganic phase with different crystallite sizes and the formation of various forms of calcium phosphate. Compressive mechanical testing revealed that the Young’s modulus of the biomaterials is in the range of human trabecular bone. In vitro tests were performed on the biomaterials for up to 14 days to…

Allorestricted T lymphocytes with a high avidity T-cell receptor towards NY-ESO-1 have potent anti-tumor activity.

2009

The cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 has been targeted as a tumor-associated antigen by immunotherapeutical strategies, such as cancer vaccines. The prerequisite for a T-cell-based therapy is the induction of T cells capable of recognizing the NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells. In this study, we generated human T lymphocytes directed against the immunodominant NY-ESO-1(157-165) epitope known to be naturally presented with HLA-A*0201. We succeeded to isolate autorestricted and allorestricted T lymphocytes with low, intermediate or high avidity TCRs against the NY-ESO-1 peptide. The avidity of the established CTL populations correlated with their capacity of lysing HLA-A2-positive, NY-ESO-1-expre…

Selective induction of apoptosis in multidrug resistant HL60R cells by the thiazolobenzoimidazole derivative 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo [3…

1999

We investigated the antitumour effects of 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo [3,4-a]benzimidazole (TBZ) a new anti-HIV-1 agent, on human promyelocytic HL60 leukaemia, both a parental and a multidrug resistant form (HL60R). HL60R overexpresses P-glycoprotein and, like HL60, lacks p53 protein expression. HL60 and HL60R show similar levels of Bcl-2 protein. In contrast to the conventional chemotherapeutic agents daunorubicin, etoposide and mitoxantrone, TBZ caused equal or even greater cytotoxicity in HL60R than in HL60, and this result was associated with a more marked induction of apoptosis in the drug resistant cells. The antitumour activity of TBZ occurred in the range of concentrations…

Induction of tumor-cell lysis by bi-specific antibody recognizing ganglioside GD2 and T-cell antigen CD3

1993

Human tumor cells expressing ganglioside GD2 were lysed by various effector populations targeted with an anti-CD3-anti-GD2 bi-specific antibody (BAb CD3 x GD2). This antibody-heteroconjugate was prepared by chemically cross-linking the OKT-3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with CD3 antigen on T lymphocytes with the ganglioside MAb ME 361, which binds preferentially to the tumor-associated ganglioside GD2. The specificity of target-cell lysis by the cytotoxic T cells (CTL) was mediated by the specificity of the targeting antibody: GD2-negative cells were not lysed in the presence of the CD3 x GD2 BAb. A dose-dependent response was observed in a range of 10 to 10,000 ng/ml. In contrast, 2 …

The potential of acetaminophen as a prodrug in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy.

2000

Acetaminophen is oxidized by human CYP1A2 to the cytotoxic metabolite N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine (NABQI). Incubation of cells transfected with human CYP1A2 (H1A2 MZ cells) with 4-20 mM acetaminophen for 6 hours at 37 degrees C caused extensive cytotoxicity (cell viability10%). In contrast, nontransfected V79 MZ cells were unaffected (viability95%). By mixing H1A2 MZ cells with V79 MZ cells in various proportions and incubating with 4 mM acetaminophen, it was shown that the NABQI released from H1A2 MZ cells also caused cytotoxicity of bystander cells. Thus, in a mixture containing 5% H1A2 MZ cells, exposure to 4 mM acetaminophen for 6 hours resulted in complete cell killing by 24 hours. A sim…