Search results for "Toxicologie"
showing 10 items of 29 documents
Synthesis and properties of a photoaffinity labeling reagent for protoporphyrinogen oxidases, the target enzymes of diphenyl ether herbicides
1994
A diazoketone 3 has been synthesized in two steps from acifluorfen 1, a diphenyl ether herbicide. Like the parent compound 1, the diazoketone 3 is toxic to plant cells and inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the molecular target of diphenyl ether herbicides. On photolysis of 3 in methanol, the generated carbene mainly undergoes the Wolff rearrangement to a ketene which further adds methanol, but many other products are observed. A tritiated derivative of 3 has been prepared which is suitable for photoaffinity labeling experiments.
Côté mauvaises herbes, tir de barrage sur trois envahissantes
2006
National audience; Les plantes envahissantes sont évoquées à la conférence sur les zones non agricoles de l'AFPPà Avignon les 11 et 12octobre 2006. La situation à leur égard en France et en Europe est présentée, notamment les dispositions réglementaires et l'identité des 34 principales espèces. Deux communications traitent de l'ambroisie à feuille d'armoise Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Un point sur les méthodes de lutte mécanique, chimique, etc.) insiste sur l'intérêt de la prévention (enherbement, etc.)et de la concertation entre acteurs agricoles et non agricoles. Des essais de lutte chimique (glyphosate ou glufosinate-ammonium en 2004 et 2005, les montrent équivalents et intéressants en débu…
Adverse drug reactions in some African herbal medicine: literature review and stakeholders’ interview
2014
International audience; Background: In view of the large consumption of herbal medicine in Africa countries, it is likely that many adverse drugs reactions go unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services, or no pharmacovigilance analysis being made, or the analysis not being reported centrally. This problem is of interest especially for those who are working in the general area of adverse drug reactions or stakeholders in the domain of herbal medicine for considering safety issues. Methods: We are particularly interested in the way that the use of very wellknown and highly valued plants is linked to the observation of adverse drug reactions in African countries. We …
Evaluation of the toxicity of mussels from 2 sites of the Moroccan Atlantic Coast (Jorf Lasfar and Oualidia) used as bioindicators of contamination :…
2012
Toxic substances generated by various human activities are spilled on different area of the Moroccan coast. Shellfishes can concentrate pollutants and have some adverse effects on human health through the food chain. Despite the strengthening of food safety rules, the involvement of chemical pollution of food on metabolic disorders is not known. To predict the impact of pollutants on the aquatic ecosystem and human health, the development of appropriate biomonitoring tools is required.We quantified heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from two sites of Moroccan Atlantic coast (industrial site Jorf Lasfar (JL) and touristic site Oualidia (OL)) due to the proxim…
Modification of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat fed naturally occurring allyl sulphides
1994
1. The effects of feeding allyl sulphides to rat (2000 ppm of the diet for 15 days) were investigated on various microsomal hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by their immunochemical detection and catalytic activity. 2. Allyl sulphides provoked a temporary dietary restriction, which enhanced the microsomal level of P450 and the activities of NADH-cytochrome c reductase and p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT 2), and lowered the activities of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH), N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAD), laurate omega-hydroxylase (LAH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Therefore, pair-fed animals were used as a more relevant control for the dietary effects of …
Embryotoxic potential of persistent organic pollutants extracted from tissues of guillemots (Uria aalge) from the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
2002
The Baltic Sea is a heavily polluted area. To assess the current contaminant pressure on the common guillemot (Uria aalge) living there, whole-body extracts of guillemots from the Baltic Sea were prepared and subdivided over six fractions, which differed in composition due to lipophilicity and polarity of the contaminants. The fractions were tested in the chicken embryo assay and compared to fractions of Atlantic guillemot extracts. Fertilized chicken eggs were injected with 0.03, 0.3, or 3 bird egg equivalents (BEQ) of the contaminants present in the fractions and then incubated for 19 d. Endpoints were selected to cover several mechanisms that may play a role in reproductive failures of f…
The role of natural science collections in the biomonitoring of environmental contaminants in apex predators in support of the EU’s zero pollution am…
2022
Movalli, Paola et al.
Adaptation des communautés microbiennes aux polluants chimiques
2013
L’Homme au travers des activités industrielles, agricoles,…, qu’il développe, exerce une pression de plus en plus prégnante sur l’environnement et sur les organismes qui y vivent. La pression anthropique est quasi-généralisée à la surface du globe terrestre. Elle se caractérise par le relargage et la dispersion de nombreux polluants organiques et métalliques, conduisant des scientifiques à proposer que l’humanité était entrée, depuis la révolution industrielle, dans l’anthropocène, une nouvelle époque géologique. Les sols arables qui nourrissent l’humanité ne sont pas indemnes de contaminations. Ils sont fréquemment exposés aux intrants chimiques et organiques employés dans les itinéraires …
Les herbicides β-tricétones : devenir et impact écotoxicologique dans les sols agricoles et caractérisation de souches bactériennes dégradantes
2016
P-triketone herbicides : fate and ecotoxicological impact in arable soils and characterization of degrading bacterial strains abstract :This work aims to describe the ecodynamics of synthetic (sulcotrione and mesotrione) and natural (leptospermone) -triketone herbicides and to estimate their ecotoxicological impact on the bacterial community in arable soils. The processes involved in the dissipation of these herbicides (adsorption and biodegradation) have been studied in soil microcosms. Two bacterial strains, Bradyrhizobium sp. SRl able to degrade sulcotrione and mesotrione, and Methylophilus sp. LS1 degrading leptospermone, have been isolated. A bank of 12 ooo mutants of Bradyrhizobium sp…
Antibiotrophie : une fonction émergente favorisant l’implantation des bactéries antibiorésistantes dans les sols
2021
National audience; La fonction antibiotrophique, permettant l’utilisation d’antibiotiques comme source nutritive, arécemment été découverte chez des bactéries antibiorésistantes environnementales. Pourvérifier si leur avantage sélectif en environnements pollués s’en trouvait augmenté, nous avonsconduit une expérience en microcosmes dans laquelle Microbacterium sp. C448 (C448),présentant des capacités de résistance et de dégradation vis-à-vis des sulfamides, a été inoculéedans quatre sols supplémentés ou non par l’antibiotique sulfaméthazine (SMZ) et/ou du lisier.Après un mois d’incubation, C448 n’a été détectée que dans les sols traités avec la SMZ,indiquant une faible compétitivité de la s…