Search results for "Traction Method"
showing 10 items of 56 documents
Analytical methods to determine cocaine contamination of banknotes from around the world
2008
Abstract The presence of cocaine in a significant number of UK pounds (Xxxx), Euros (€) and North American banknotes ($) in general circulation requires appropriate tools to do determinations. This article discusses the-state-of-the-art in the analysis of cocaine on banknotes. We summarize the usual extraction methods of currency samples and compare them, especially with respect to avoiding sample damage. We critically discuss analytical methods, namely gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), immunoassay, thermal desorption tandem mass spectrometry (TD-MS2) and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS). We also review cocaine levels on banknotes around …
A study on the essential oil of Ferulago campestris : How much does extraction method influence the oil composition?
2011
The essential oil of different parts of Ferulago campestris (Bess.) collected in Sicily has been extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and by classic hydrodistillation (HD). A comparative qualitative-quantitative study on the composition of the oils was carried out. A total of 100 compounds were identified in the oils obtained by MAHD, whereas 88 compounds characterized the HD oils. The most prominent components were, in all different parts of F. campestris and in both extraction methods, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde isomers; the latter was not previously found. The attempt to evaluate where the oil components are located in all parts of the…
Use of protein profiles established by CZE to predict the cultivar of olive leaves and pulps
2014
Intact protein profiles established by CZE have been used to predict the cultivar of olive leaves and pulps. For this purpose, proteins were extracted using a mild enzyme-assisted extraction method, which provided higher protein recoveries and a lower environmental impact than other previously described methods. These extracts were subjected to CZE determination under basic conditions using a BGE composed of 50 mM phosphate, 50 mM tetraborate and 0.1% PVA at pH 9. Nine and 14 common peaks, for leaf and pulp samples, respectively, were identified in the nine cultivars studied in this work. In addition, and using linear discriminant analysis of the CZE data, olive leaf and pulp samples belong…
Applying the Techniques on Materials I
2012
The knowledge of the composition of the natural dye mixtures gives hints on appropriate procedures for restoration strategies. Identification of the dyes used, the establishment of their biological source, how they have been prepared, how these historical textiles were made, can provide important information. The dyestuffs used up to nineteenth century were either of plant (weld, madder, indigo, etc.) or animal origin (cochineal, shellfish, etc.) and belonged to various chemical types, such as flavonoids (yellow), anthraquinones (red) and indigoids (blue and violet). In this study microsamples (19) were examined from 11 Mevlana’s kaftans, dervishs’ dresses and dated from the thirteenth cent…
Determination of inorganic species by thermal lens spectrometry
1997
Abstract The application of thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) to the determination of inorganic species is reviewed. The requirements of a chromogenic reaction to be advantageously adapted to TLS detection, and the necessary conditions for reaching very low limits of detection are discussed. Methods for the determination of metals and P, Si, S and N compounds in several samples are examined. Flow-injection and extraction methods, associated photoinduced reactions and surface phenomena, speciation and equilibrium studies are discussed. Gas phase NO 2 methods are also commented upon. Trends are given.
Hard Cap Espresso Machine Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Pulses
2018
A hard cap espresso machine was employed for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from food samples as dry legumes and pulses. 100 mg of ground dry sample was mixed with a dispersing agent and placed in a refillable stainless steel capsule with a borosilicate filter. A complete polyphenol extraction was achieved by using 150 mL ethanol 50 % (v/v) in water and determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. The method provided a limit of detection of 0.4 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. The whole extraction procedure was achieved in less than one minute using the mild extraction conditions of 72°C and 19 bars given by the domestic machine. Fifteen varieties of food samples (3 lent…
Microparticle preparation by a propylene carbonate emulsification-extraction method
2018
Abstract The use of various harmful organic solvents for microparticle formulations is still widespread. Here, an alternative low toxicity solvent (propylene carbonate; PC) is proposed for the preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA) microparticles. Based on the classical emulsification-solvent extraction methodology, the use of PC offers the unique advantage of an additional solvent extraction step using hydrolytic solvent cleavage during microparticle preparation. Spherical, rough-surfaced microparticles were obtained with a volume median diameter range from 20 to 60 µm. The residual PC content has been identified to be the major factor for the solidification hindrance, leading…
Building capabilities among e-scrappers in informal electronic waste management: the case of the Nigerian e-scrappers
2016
This study examines the capabilities of e-scrappers developed through the constant interaction with electronic waste (e-waste). Video-based interviews were conducted with 29 male e-scrappers in Edo and Lagos States, Nigeria. Data analysis reveals that over time, e-scrappers in Nigeria are driven by aspirations not only of financial security but also of societal acceptance and recognition. Progressively, they have developed capabilities such as effective extraction methods based on individual abilities, market demand and the presence of an active social network, which have had a significant impact on the choices of the developed capabilities.
Application of Pulsed Electric Field Treatment for Food Waste Recovery Operations
2016
International audience; Food industry is generating annually huge quantities of by-products and waste, which are generally considered as problem, as their disposal is associated with environmental and health related issues. During the last decade, numerous research groups and industries have been interested in valorizing these by-products by extracting valuable compounds and incorporating them generally in food and/or cosmetic products, which enhances the profitability of the process. Conventional extraction methods (i.e., maceration, thermal extraction) are exten- sively used for such purposes and showed high yields in many cases. However, the need to replace toxic organic solvents, shorte…
A systematic literature review on less common natural fibres and their biocomposites
2018
Abstract Interest in utilization of renewable resources is increasing because of public's environmental awareness and economic considerations. Lignocellulosic fibres have already attracted growing attention as reinforcement of polymeric matrices instead of synthetic ones (mainly glass) from the academic and industrial fields. In addition to kenaf, hemp, sisal, flax and jute, which are the subject of extensive investigations for composite applications since the 1970s, in the last years several researchers suggested the use of less common natural fibres, due to their low cost and availability. This paper reviews the extraction methods, chemical, morphological, thermal and mechanical propertie…