Search results for "Train"
showing 10 items of 4562 documents
The emissions reduction potential of substituting short-haul flights with non-high-speed rail (NHSR) : The case of Finland
2021
Replacing short-haul flights with high-speed rail (HSR) has been widely discussed as one solution to mitigate the climate change impacts of aviation. However, although HSR can provide travel times similar to those provided by short-haul flights, and at lower emission levels, it also requires considerable investments in time and infrastructure to build. Instead, this study considers the feasibility of replacing short-haul flights with existing non-high-speed rail (NHSR). Our study is based in Finland, a country that has an extensive route network of short-haul flights but does not possess any HSR. We compared all 16 city pairs for which short-haul flights are offered with existing NHSR based…
Wireless Strain Gauge Network : Best-Hall Measurement Case
2014
Wireless sensor networks can be used to perform structural monitoring. Strain gauges, which can be glued on or integrated to the observed material, are the most common nondestructive sensing elements for measuring surface strain. Wireless strain gauge measurement system makes strain measurements more flexible while opening new targets of application in addition to those that traditional wired strain measuring systems can offer. We have implemented a long term strain measurement in a PVC-covered hall using wireless sensor network. In this paper we evaluate the functionality and suitability of the developed wireless system for this kind of monitoring. The paper discusses the experiences gaine…
The effects of protein and carbohydrate supplementation on body composition and muscle strength during resistance training
2015
Johdanto. Lihavuudesta on tullut maailmanlaajuinen epidemia, ja sen liitännäissairaudet ovat suuri huolenaihe. Voimaharjoittelun ja ravitsemuksen tiedetään muokkaavan tehokkaasti kehon koostumusta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää miten proteiini ja hiilihydraatti yhdistettynä voimaharjoitteluun vaikuttavat kehon koostumukseen sekä voimaan. Menetelmät. Tutkimukseen osallistui 78 miestä (ikä 34.7 ± 1.4, pituus 179.9 ± 0.77 cm, paino 83.6 ± 1.4 kg), jotka eivät olleet tottuneet voimaharjoitteluun. Tutkimus sisälsi kokonaisuudessaan 16 viikkoa voimaharjoittelua, joista ensimmäiset neljä viikkoa sisälsivät kaikilla kestovoiman harjoittelua. Tämän perehdyttämisjakson jälkeen koehenk…
Physical exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats provided it is aerobic and sustained
2016
Aerobic exercise, such as running, has positive effects on brain structure and function, such as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and learning. Whether high-intensity interval training (HIT), referring to alternating short bouts of very intense anaerobic exercise with recovery periods, or anaerobic resistance training (RT) has similar effects on AHN is unclear. In addition, individual genetic variation in the overall response to physical exercise is likely to play a part in the effects of exercise on AHN but is less well studied. Recently, we developed polygenic rat models that gain differentially for running capacity in response to aerobic treadmill training. Here, we subjected these l…
The effects of whey protein with or without carbohydrates on resistance training adaptations
2015
Background: Nutrition intake in the context of a resistance training (RT) bout may affect body composition and muscle strength. However, the individual and combined effects of whey protein and carbohydrates on long-term resistance training adaptations are poorly understood. Methods: A four-week preparatory RT period was conducted in previously untrained males to standardize the training background of the subjects. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized into three groups: 30 g of whey proteins (n = 22), isocaloric carbohydrates (maltodextrin, n = 21), or protein + carbohydrates (n = 25). Within these groups, the subjects were further randomized into two whole-body 12-week RT regimens aimin…
Human, Technologies and Quality of Education: Proceedings of Scientific Papers, 2020
2020
Acute hormonal and muscular responses and recovery : chronic adaptations to single session combined strength and endurance training with regard to or…
2012
Combining both strength (S) and endurance (E) exercise loadings into a single training session can be considered to be of interest e.g. for time management purposes. However, the first loading in a combined session tends to produce notable acute fatigue responses, which can lead to the second loading being performed in a compromised state. Research on fatigue and recovery from a combined session with different loading orders is currently scarce, with even less attention given to the acute responses. Thus, this study investigated the long-term adaptations in the acute responses of a combined strength and endurance loading and whether or not there is an order effect. A total of 29 male subjec…
Acute and chronic effects of cold treatment on physiological variables and neuromuscular function during a short training period in men
2015
Introduction. Recovery following various physical exercises is a complicated process. The exercise session can involve strong demands on both muscle structure and energy production (aerobic and anaerobic). Many exercise sessions also induce muscle damage (exercise induced muscle damage; EIMD). Different recovery methods attempt to alleviate or prevent EIMD and its associated symptoms, such as muscle soreness and swelling, and reduction in muscle function. One of the used strategies is cold treatment (cryotherapy), which decreases tissue temperature and subsequently effects on e.g. blood flow, metabolism and neural conductance velocity. To date, there is conflicting evidence to support the u…
Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load
2022
Purpose: To assess the reliability of nocturnal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) and to analyze the sensitivity of these markers to maximal endurance exercise. Methods: Recreational runners recorded nocturnal HR and HRV on nights after 2 identical low-intensity training sessions (n = 15) and on nights before and after a 3000-m running test (n = 23). Average HR, the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD), and the natural logarithm of the high-frequency power (LnHF) were analyzed from a full night (FULL), a 4-hour (4H) segment starting 30 minutes after going to sleep, and morning value (MOR) based on the endpoint of the linear fit through all 5-m…
Computational aspects in checking of coherence and propagation of conditional probability bounds
2000
In this paper we consider the problem of reducing the computational difficulties in g-coherence checking and propagation of imprecise conditional probability assessments. We review some theoretical results related with the linear structure of the random gain in the betting criterion. Then, we propose a modi ed version of two existing algorithms, used for g-coherence checking and propagation, which are based on linear systems with a reduced number of unknowns. The reduction in the number of unknowns is obtained by an iterative algorithm. Finally, to illustrate our procedure we give some applications.