Search results for "Trait"
showing 10 items of 1361 documents
Coping with Stress
1986
In recent years, a controversy has evolved concerning the usefulness of the trait concept for predicting a person’s actual behavior (see e.g., Alston, 1975; Bern, 1983; Bern & Allen, 1974; Bern & Funder, 1978; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1980; Mischel, 1968, 1973, 1983, 1984; Mischel & Peake, 1982, 1983). This controversy has also influenced paradigms in stress and coping research. There is an increasing tendency to abandon trait concepts (like “repression-sensitization”) and, instead, to adopt concepts like coping process or coping strategy to describe and predict stress-related behavior and behavior outcomes (see Folkman, 1984; Folkman & Lazarus. 1980. 1985: Lazarus & Folkman. 1984).
The interplay of emotional instability, empathy, and coping on prosocial and aggressive behaviors
2012
Abstract Mediating and moderating effects of socioemotive traits and coping styles on aggression and prosocial behaviors were examined. A sample of 1557 students from Spain (53% male, M age = 13.12) completed self-report instruments of coping, empathy, emotional instability, physical aggression, and prosocial behaviors. Structural equation analysis showed support for two mediation models but little support for moderation. Emotional instability positively predicted emotion-focused coping, which in turn, positively predicted aggression. In contrast, empathy positively predicted problem-focused coping, which in turn, positively predicted prosocial behaviors. Moreover, problem-focused coping po…
Individual Variations and Coping Style
2020
By current definition, animal welfare depends on the subjective experience of cognitive and emotional processes that are engendered as individuals succeed or fail in coping with a dynamically changing environment. A functional and evolutionary approach to emotion holds that adaptive qualities such as duration, severity, controllability, and predictability of stressful stimuli determine whether a particular event or outcome is experienced as rewarding or adverse. For instance, stress-induced behavioral inhibition can be seen as an adaptive strategy during chronic, unpredictable, or uncontrollable conditions that do not merit successful active coping. In teleost fishes, such behavior can be t…
Trait anxiety, state anxiety, and coping behavior as predictors of athletic performance
1988
Abstract Employing the data of 36 top table-tennis players the present study analyzes the relations between general and sport-specific trait anxiety, coping dispositions, use of “naive” self-regulatory techniques, emotional and cognitive anxiety reactions in situations of varying stress, and success in athletic competition. The study is based on the cognitive theory of evaluative anxiety, Spielberger's trait-state anxiety model, Lazarus' theory of coping, and the concept of person-specific coping modes. The interaction between trait anxiety and degree of stress, postulated by the trait-state model, could be verified empirically for both, emotional and cognitive anxiety. This result, however…
Study Protocol—Coping With the Pandemics: What Works Best to Reduce Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
2021
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive symptoms in most individuals. Health bodies recommend several coping behaviors to protect against such symptoms, but evidence on the relationship between these behaviors and symptoms mostly comes from cross-sectional studies in convenience samples. We will conduct a prospective longitudinal study of the associations between coping behaviors and subsequent anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of the Spanish general adult population.Methods: We will recruit 1,000 adult participants from all autonomous communities of Spain and with s…
A comparison of two approaches to the assessment of coping styles
1997
Abstract This study examined the association of coping style classifications based on (a) dispositional vigilance (VIG) and cognitive avoidance (CAV) and (b) trait anxiety and social desirability (SD). 281 subjects (123 men, 158 women) completed questionnaires to assess these variables. By applying median splits, subjects were divided into high and low scorers on each dimension. According to both classifications, four coping style groups were operationally defined on the basis of the respective dichotomized variables. Results yielded convergent assignments of repressers (low anxiety and high SD; low VIG and high CAV, respectively), sensitizers (high anxiety and low SD; high VIG and low CAV)…
Das Inventar „State-Trait-Operations-Angst” (STOA): Konstruktion und empirische Befunde
2005
This article reports on the construction and empirical evaluation of an instrument for the measurement of surgery-related state and trait anxiety. The inventory "State-Trait Operation Anxiety" (STOA) separately assesses surgery-related anxiety as a comparatively stable personality trait as well as the cognitive and affective components of state anxiety. Results of explorative and confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the unifactorial structure of trait anxiety and the two-factorial structure of state anxiety. Internal consistencies of all scales were highly satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha around 0.90). External relationships of the STOA with trait anxiety, dispositional and actual coping…
Anxiety, coping strategies, and the processing of threatening information: Investigations with cognitive-experimental paradigms
2011
Abstract This review treats individual differences in anxiety and coping from several perspectives. It starts with the argument that structural considerations (often linked to trait concepts) and processing considerations (often linked to situational demands and actual behavior) are not fundamentally in opposition, but that global and uncontextualized trait concepts (e.g., trait anxiety) require revision to incorporate cognitive–affective units such as appraisals, goals, or self-regulatory competencies (cf. Mischel, 2004 ). The article then presents a personality-oriented coping theory (the model of coping modes; MCM; Hock and Krohne, 2004 , Krohne, 1993 , Krohne, 2003 ) which attempts to i…
Psychobehavioral Effects of Meditation
2017
Meditation is an increasingly popular psychobehavioral therapy. Various meditation techniques in use make it hard to objectively scrutinize the psychological benefits. Therefore, in this study we set out to examine the effects of two fundamentally different meditative techniques, Zazen, ‘seated meditation’, in which the body and mind are calmed, and Tai Chi, ‘meditation in motion’, based on energetic martial art performance. The aim was to compare the effects of both techniques on personality structure, emotional intelligence, mood, and coping with stress. The study was conducted in 48 healthy volunteers, aged 39–50, divided into those practicing Zazen, Tai Chi, and the non-meditating contr…
Predicting University Adjustment from Coping-Styles, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Personality: Findings from a Survey in a Sample of Italian Stude…
2021
Starting university life requires that students learn to cope with several personal, academic, and social challenges. A wide array of variables affects how students adjust to university life. This study was aimed to investigate which factors among coping styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality traits (i.e., diligence, relational availability, mental flexibility, activity, and emotional stability) best predicted the levels of university adjustment in a sample of university freshmen (N = 204, 63% women). Data were collected using self-report instruments. Multiple regressions analyses were conducted to identify the most significant predictors of adjustment to college. Our findings …