Search results for "Trait"
showing 10 items of 1361 documents
Trade-off between warning signal efficacy and mating success in the wood tiger moth
2011
The coloration of species can have multiple functions, such as predator avoidance and sexual signalling, that directly affect fitness. As selection should favour traits that positively affect fitness, the genes underlying the trait should reach fixation, thereby preventing the evolution of polymorphisms. This is particularly true for aposematic species that rely on coloration as a warning signal to advertise their unprofitability to predators. Nonetheless, there are numerous examples of aposematic species showing remarkable colour polymorphisms. We examined whether colour polymorphism in the wood tiger moth is maintained by trade-offs between different functions of coloration. In Finland, m…
Appearance before performance? Nutritional constraints on life-history traits, but not warning signal expression in aposematic moths.
2019
Abstract Trade‐offs have been shown to play an important role in the divergence of mating strategies and sexual ornamentation, but their importance in explaining warning signal diversity has received less attention. In aposematic organisms, allocation costs of producing the conspicuous warning signal pigmentation under nutritional stress could potentially trade‐off with life‐history traits and maintain variation in warning coloration.We studied this with an aposematic herbivore Arctia plantaginis (Arctiidae), whose larvae and adults show extensive variation in aposematic coloration. In larvae, less melanic coloration (i.e. larger orange patterns) produces a more efficient warning signal aga…
High novelty-seeking predicts greater sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine
2011
Novelty-seeking in rodents, defined as enhanced specific exploration of novel situations, is considered to predict the response of animals to drugs of abuse and, thus, identify "drug-vulnerable" individuals. The main objective of this work was to determine the capacity of two animal models-the novel object recognition task and the novel environment test-for evaluating to what extent novelty-seeking can predict greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine in young adult (PND 56) and adolescent (PND 35) OF1 mice of both sexes. Conditioned place preference, a useful tool for evaluating the sensitivity of individuals to the incentive properties of addictive drugs, was induced with…
The Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome.
1991
Deafness and electrocardiographic changes (prolongation of the Q-T interval and inversion of the T wave) with a clinical picture of syncopal attacks and sudden death, were described as a distinct syndrome by Jervell and Lange-Nielsen in 1957. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In this study, all the cases reported since 1957 and their proposed prevalence are reviewed. The authors describe the 4 cases they have studied, all of which presented congenital sensorineural hearing loss and electrocardiographic changes characteristic of the syndrome. The relatively high number of cases they have encountered casts doubt on literature that states that the syndrome occurs more …
Grit and self-discipline as predictors of effort and academic attainment
2018
Background: Beyond ability, traits related to perseverance, such as grit and self‐discipline, are associated with adaptive educational outcomes. Few studies have examined the independent effects of these traits on outcomes and the mechanisms involved. Aims: This study estimated parameters of a process model in which grit‐perseverance of effort (grit‐effort) and consistency of interest (grit‐interest) dimensions and self‐discipline were independent predictors of students’ science grades. The effect of the grit‐effort on grades was expected to be mediated by students’ self‐reported effort on optional out‐of‐school science learning activities. Sample: Secondary school students (N = 110) aged b…
DSM-IV Combined Type ADHD Shows Familial Association With Sibling Trait Scores
2008
Contains fulltext : 69060.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a discrete clinical syndrome characterized by the triad of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in the context of marked impairments. Molecular genetic studies have been successful in identifying genetic variants associated with ADHD, particularly with DSM-IV inattentive and combined subtypes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches to linkage and association mapping have yet to be widely used in ADHD research, although twin studies investigating individual differences suggest that genetic liability for ADHD is continuously distributed throughout the population, u…
Maltraitance des personnes âgées. Fausses pistes et vraies solutions
2022
Maltraitance des personnes âgées : gare aux simplifications abusives !
2022
The role of culture and personality traits in board game habits and attitudes: Cross-cultural comparison between Denmark, Germany, and USA
2021
Abstract This study investigated whether variations in personality traits are related to board game usage patterns and attitudes, and whether such associations are expressed differently across countries that reflect different cultural orientations and values. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed among 486 Danes, Germans, and Americans, whose personalities were assessed through the NEO-FFI questionnaire. Participants also indicated their liking levels, attitudes, and playing frequency of board games. Results showed significant associations between personality traits and board game-related attitudes and habits. However, these associations were moderated by culture and primarily pre…
Individualizing gamified systems: The role of trait competitiveness and leaderboard design
2020
Abstract The success of gamified systems depends on how user characteristics and behavior interact with system design. Prior research, however, has largely neglected this user-system interaction, thus limiting our understanding of gamification design. To addresses this limitation in the current literature, we investigate how users' trait competitiveness is related to the usage intention of a competitive gamified system. Based on our theoretical model, we hypothesize and test both direct and indirect effects (through perceived enjoyment), as well as whether and how system design moderates the effects of trait competitiveness. Results from structural equation modeling demonstrate an indirect-…