Search results for "Transcranial"
showing 10 items of 413 documents
Effects of Neuromodulation on Gait
2018
In the last decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has evolved to become a valuable tool in both basic and clinical neuroscience. Various methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) have been widely used for diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic applications in a broad range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The rationale for using NIBS techniques lies in the possibility to modulate, in a targeted manner, the activity of different cerebral and cerebellar cortical regions, as well as the functional connections between these areas and distant brain regions also including subcortical structures. The neural circuitry in…
The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the study of cerebellar cognitive function.
2007
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of brain structures. This technique can be used either for stimulating the motor cortex, recording motor evoked potentials from peripheral muscles, or for modulating the excitability of other non-motor areas in order to establish their necessity for a given task. TMS of the cerebellum can give interesting insights on the cerebellar functions. Paired-TMS techniques, delivering stimuli over the cerebellum followed at various interstimulus intervals by stimuli over the motor cortex, allow studying the pattern of connectivity between the cerebellum and the contralateral motor cortex in physiological as well as in pathologic…
Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Suprahyoid Muscles Motor Cortex Facilitates Increased Degree Centrality in Healthy Subjects
2020
Theta-burst stimulation (TBS), a variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), can potentially benefit the treatment of swallowing disorders. However, the after-effects of TBS on the swallowing motor cortex remain uncertain. The newly developed graph-based analysis of the centrality approach has been increasingly used to explore brain networks. The purpose of this study was to identify degree centrality (DC) alterations in the brain network after different TBS protocols were performed over the suprahyoid muscles motor cortex in healthy subjects. A total of 40 right-handed healthy subjects (mean age: 23.73 ± 2.57 years, range: 21–30, 20 females) were included in this study …
Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation in a rat sinus-vein thrombosis model.
1996
Background and Purpose The pathophysiology of sinus-vein thrombosis (SVT) in patients and experimental animals is still poorly understood. This study was designed to examine and further elucidate the pathophysiological sequence of events, especially the relationship between local and regional blood flow and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbSO 2 ) detected at identical locations. The use of both parameters as outcome indicators should be compared. Methods SVT was induced by ligation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and slow injection of kaolin-cephalin suspension into the SSS in rats. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by laser-Doppler flowmetry together with regional HbSO …
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
2015
Abstract Background Further evidence suggests that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective method to reduce tobacco craving among smokers. Hypothesis As relapse is common within a few days after smoking cessation, we hypothesized that combining the anti-craving effects of rTMS with Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to attenuate withdrawal symptoms could increase abstinence rates in smokers with severe nicotine dependence who quit smoking. Methods Thirty-seven smokers who failed to quit with the usual treatments were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either active ( n = 18) or sham ( n = 19) 1-Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cort…
Brain Oscillatory and Hemodynamic Activity in a Bimanual Coordination Task Following Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS): A Combined …
2018
Motor control is associated with synchronized oscillatory activity at alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) frequencies in a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Previous studies demonstrated that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is capable of entraining ongoing oscillatory activity while also modulating motor control. However, the modulatory effects of tACS on both motor control and its underlying electro- and neurophysiological mechanisms remain ambiguous. Thus, the purpose of this study was to contribute to gathering neurophysiological knowledge regarding tACS effects by investigating the after-effects of 10 Hz tACS and 20 Hz tACS at parietal brain areas on bimanual coord…
Cortical plasticity associated with Braille learning
1998
Blind subjects who learn to read Braille must acquire the ability to extract spatial information from subtle tactile stimuli. In order to accomplish this, neuroplastic changes appear to take place. During Braille learning, the sensorimotor cortical area devoted to the representation of the reading finger enlarges. This enlargement follows a two-step process that can be demonstrated with transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping and suggests initial unmasking of existing connections and eventual establishment of more stable structural changes. In addition, Braille learning appears to be associated with the recruitment of parts of the occipital, formerly `visual', cortex (V1 and V2) for tacti…
The Brain Electrophysiological recording & STimulation (BEST) toolbox
2021
Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) experiments involve many recurring procedures that are not sufficiently standardized in the community. Given the diversity in experimental design and experience of the investigators, automated but yet flexible data collection and analysis tools are needed to increase objectivity, reliability, and reproducibility of NIBS experiments. The B rain E lectrophysiological recording and ST imulation (BEST) Toolbox is a MATLAB-based, open-source software with graphical user interface that allows users to design, run, and share freely configurable multi-protocol, multi-session NIBS studies, including transcranial magnetic, electric, and ultrasound stimul…
A questionnaire to collect unintended effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: A consensus based approach
2022
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used in both clinical and research practice. However, TMS might induce unintended sensations and undesired effects as well as serious adverse effects. To date, no shared forms are available to report such unintended effects. This study aimed at developing a questionnaire enabling reporting of TMS unintended effects. A Delphi procedure was applied which allowed consensus among TMS experts. A steering committee nominated a number of experts to be involved in the Delphi procedure. Three rounds were conducted before reaching a consen-sus. Afterwards, the questionnaire was publicized on the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiolo…
Altérations neuromusculaires induites par des exercices excentriques et concentriques fatigants : emphase sur le pédalage des membres inférieurs
2021
The influence of dynamic contraction type (concentric or eccentric) on performance fatigability and associated neuromuscular alterations is partly unknown. Contraction type interacts with other exercise features such as intensity (maximal; submaximal) or modality (single-joint; locomotor). Thus, we compared eccentric with concentric exercises of similar characteristics across three experimental studies. We showed that, for the completion of a given amount of mechanical work, both contraction types impaired maximal voluntary isometric torque similarly. However, neuromuscular impairments depended on exercise features. In study 1, maximal single-joint eccentric contractions affected neural but…