Search results for "Transcript"
showing 10 items of 3476 documents
A common mechanism of action of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram and fluoxetine: Reversal of chronic psychosocial stress-induce…
2010
The transcription factor CREB regulates adaptive responses like memory consolidation, addiction, and synaptic refinement. Recently, chronic psychosocial stress as animal model of depression has been shown to stimulate CREB transcriptional activity in the brain; this stimulation was prevented by treatment with the antidepressant imipramine, which inhibits both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake. However, it was unknown whether the selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake is sufficient for inhibition of stress-induced CREB activation, as it is for the clinical antidepressant effect. Therefore, the effect of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), citalopram and fluoxetine, wa…
Histamine up-regulates phosphodiesterase 4 activity and reduces prostaglandin E2-inhibitory effects in human neutrophils.
2000
Objective: To investigate whether histamine produces up-regulation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity with functional consequences in human peripheral blood neutrophils.¶Methods: PDE activity was studied by a radioisotopic method following anion-exchange chromatography. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for detection of mRNA transcripts of PDE4 subtypes. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were measured by enzyme-immunoassay, and superoxide generation by cytochrome c reduction.¶Treatment: Neutrophils were incubated for 4 h with histamine (1 μM).¶Results: PDE4 was the only isoenzyme activity increased in treated neutrophils. Kinetic analysis showed a ∼1.5-fold increase …
Regulation of PTHrP and PTH/PTHrP receptor by extracellular Ca2+ concentration and hormones in the breast cancer cell line 8701-BC.
2000
AbstractIt was previously reported that 8701-BC breast tumour cells express the gene for parathyroid hormonerelated peptide (PTHrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTHrPR) and release immunoreactive PTHrP (iPTHrP) into the extracellular medium. Since the regulation of PTHrP and PTHrPR by breast cancer cells has been poorly investigated so far, we have chosen the 8701- BC cell line as a model system to investigate whether alterations in the extracellular Ca[2+] concentration ([Ca[2+]]) and treatment with some wellknown differentiation agents for breast cells, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, hydrocortisone, progesterone, prolactin, alltrans retinoic acid and transforming growth factorβ1 might (i) modulat…
Sox17 regulates liver lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting.
2014
Liver is a major regulator of lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting, a process involving PPARalpha activation. We recently showed that the Vnn1 gene is a PPARalpha target gene in liver and that release of the Vanin-1 pantetheinase in serum is a biomarker of PPARalpha activation. Here we set up a screen to identify new regulators of adaptation to fasting using the serum Vanin-1 as a marker of PPARalpha activation. Mutagenized mice were screened for low serum Vanin-1 expression. Functional interactions with PPARalpha were investigated by combining transcriptomic, biochemical and metabolic approaches. We characterized a new mutant mouse in which hepatic and serum expression of Vanin-1 is …
Estradiol Stimulates Vasodilatory and Metabolic Pathways in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells
2009
Vascular effects of estradiol are being investigated because there are controversies among clinical and experimental studies. DNA microarrays were used to investigate global gene expression patterns in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 1 nmol/L estradiol for 24 hours. When compared to control, 187 genes were identified as differentially expressed with 1.9-fold change threshold. Supervised principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the differences between control and estradiol-treated samples. Physiological concentrations of estradiol are sufficient to elicit significant changes in HUVEC gene expression. Notch signaling, actin cyt…
Dietary cholate increases plasma levels of apolipoprotein B in mice by posttranscriptional mechanisms
2001
To induce atherogenesis in mice, a high fat (HF) diet is supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which increases apoB-containing particles and lower apoA-I-containing particles. HF diet without CA increases levels of both HDL and LDL, suggesting that CA may be responsible for the elevation of LDL and lowering of HDL. The mechanism of dietary CA-induced lowering of apoA-I-containing particles has recently been reported. In this study, we examined the mechanism of CA- and HF-induced elevation of apoB-containing lipoproteins in mice. Mice were fed the following four diets: control chow (C), high fat high cholesterol, (HF), control and 0.5% cholate (CA), and HF + CA. Dietary CA increased the plasma…
Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.
2010
SummaryNeural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus divide infrequently, and the molecules that modulate their quiescence are largely unknown. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is active in hippocampal NSCs, downstream of BMPR-IA. BMPs reversibly diminish proliferation of cultured NSCs while maintaining their undifferentiated state. In vivo, acute blockade of BMP signaling in the hippocampus by intracerebral infusion of Noggin first recruits quiescent NSCs into the cycle and increases neurogenesis; subsequently, it leads to decreased stem cell division and depletion of precursors and newborn neurons. Consistently, selective ablation of Bmpr1a in hippocampal …
Dpp signaling inhibits proliferation in the Drosophila wing by Omb-dependent regional control of bantam
2013
The control of organ growth is a fundamental aspect of animal development but remains poorly understood. The morphogen Dpp has long been considered as a general promoter of cell proliferation during Drosophila wing development. It is an ongoing debate whether the Dpp gradient is required for the uniform cell proliferation observed in the wing imaginal disc. Here, we investigated how the Dpp signaling pathway regulates proliferation during wing development. By systematic manipulation of Dpp signaling we observed that it controls proliferation in a region-specific manner: Dpp, via omb, promoted proliferation in the lateral and repressed proliferation in the medial wing disc. Omb controlled th…
Plasma Testosterone Levels and Atherosclerotic Plaque Gene Expression in Men With Advanced Atherosclerosis
2021
Aims: Low plasma testosterone levels have been shown to predict worse outcome in men with severe atherosclerotic disease. We hypothesized that a low plasma testosterone level affects disease risk through changes in gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, we studied plasma testosterone levels in relation to gene expression levels in atherosclerotic plaque tissue of men with advanced atherosclerotic disease.Methods: Plasma testosterone levels were measured in 203 men undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The corresponding atherosclerotic plaque tissue was used for RNA sequencing. First, we assessed how often the androgen receptor gene was expressed in the plaque. Second, correlati…
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Induces a Functional Genomic Delay of the Endometrium with Potential Clinical Implications
2008
Context: Controlled ovarian stimulation induces morphological, biochemical, and functional genomic modifications of the human endometrium during the window of implantation. Objective: Our objective was to compare the gene expression profile of the human endometrium in natural vs. controlled ovarian stimulation cycles throughout the early-mid secretory transition using microarray technology. Method: Microarray data from 49 endometrial biopsies obtained from LH+1 to LH+9 (n = 25) in natural cycles and from human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) +1 to hCG+9 in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles (n = 24) were analyzed using different methods, such as clustering, profiling of biological processes…