Search results for "Transcriptomics"
showing 10 items of 95 documents
Transcriptional profiling reveals functional links between RasGrf1 and Pttg1 in pancreatic beta cells
2014
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License .
Quiescence Modulates Stem Cell Maintenance and Regenerative Capacity in the Aging Brain.
2018
The function of somatic stem cells declines with age. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of this decline is key to counteract age-related disease. Here, we report a dramatic drop in the neural stem cells (NSCs) number in the aging murine brain. We find that this smaller stem cell reservoir is protected from full depletion by an increase in quiescence that makes old NSCs more resistant to regenerate the injured brain. Once activated, however, young and old NSCs show similar proliferation and differentiation capacity. Single-cell transcriptomics of NSCs indicate that aging changes NSCs minimally. In the aging brain, niche-derived inflammatory signals and the Wnt antagonist sFRP5 induce…
ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase downregulation compromises hepatic degradation of branched-chain amino acids
2022
Objective: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and steatosis are characterized by a range of dysregulations including defects in ubiquitin ligase tagging proteins for degradation. The identification of novel hepatic genes associated with fatty liver disease and metabolic dysregulation may be relevant to unravelling new mechanisms involved in liver disease progression Methods: Through integrative analysis of liver transcriptomic and metabolomic obtained from obese subjects with steatosis, we identified itchy E ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) as a gene downregulated in human hepatic tissue in relation to steatosis grade. Wild-type or ITCH knockout mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N…
The Tsetse Fly Displays an Attenuated Immune Response to Its Secondary Symbiont, Sodalis glossinidius
2019
Sodalis glossinidius, a vertically transmitted facultative symbiont of the tsetse fly, is a bacterium in the early/intermediate state of its transition toward symbiosis, representing an important model for investigating how the insect host immune defense response is regulated to allow endosymbionts to establish a chronic infection within their hosts without being eliminated. In this study, we report on the establishment of a tsetse fly line devoid of S. glossinidius only, allowing us to experimentally investigate (i) the complex immunological interactions between a single bacterial species and its host, (ii) how the symbiont population is kept under control, and (iii) the impact of the symb…
Metagenomics of human microbiome: beyond 16s rDNA.
2012
Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 4): 4749 Abstract The gut microbiota presents a symbiotic relationship with the human host playing a beneficial role in human health. Since its establishment, the bacterial community is subjected to the influence of many different factors that shape its composition within each individual. However, an important convergence is observed at functional level in the gut microbiota. A metatranscriptomic study of healthy individuals showed homogeneity in the composition of the active microbiota that increased further at functional level.
Architecture of cell differentiation, stress-mediated protein expression and transport in iPSC-derived Motor Neurons bearing a pG376D TDP-43 mutation
2020
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motoneurons (MNs). Growingevidence suggests that the disease has a strong genetic basis. Up to now, more than 50 ALS-related genes have beenfound. Among these, TARDBP plays a critical role in ALS. Pathogenic mutations in TARDBP gene are found in 1–3% offamilial ALS cases. A few years ago, a novel G376D TARDBP mutation associated to ALS was reported (Conforti et al, 2011). Recently, a verylarge genealogic tree from this G376D family was made (2HE Association, personal communication) leading to a largecollection of DNA, plasma and fibroblasts (FBs) from several family members, both affected and not clinically…
The gut microbiota instructs the hepatic endothelial cell transcriptome
2021
Summary The gut microbiota affects remote organ functions but its impact on organotypic endothelial cell (EC) transcriptomes remains unexplored. The liver endothelium encounters microbiota-derived signals and metabolites via the portal circulation. To pinpoint how gut commensals affect the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, a magnetic cell sorting protocol, combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was used to isolate hepatic sinusoidal ECs from germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice for transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing. This resulted in a comprehensive map of microbiota-regulated hepatic EC-specific transcriptome profiles. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that …
Omics approaches to study the oral microbiome
2015
Introducción La visión clásica de los microorganismos como agentes infecciosos ha propiciado que se consideren como meros agentes causales de enfermedades. Sin embargo, la larga historia de coexistencia entre microorganismos y los seres humanos, ha hecho que ambos se hayan adaptado mutuamente y coevolucionen (Dubos et al. 1965, McFall-Ngai 2002). De hecho, en el cuerpo humano habitan 1014 células bacterianas, un orden de magnitud más que células humanas (Savage 1977). Entre los beneficios que la microbiota aporta, están su contribución a digerir alimentos y a aportar nutrientes, regulación del metabolismo, maduración del sistema inmune, etc. Por ello, hoy en día las enfermedades de origen…
Insight into the primary mode of action of TiO2 nanoparticles on Escherichia coli in the dark.
2015
16 pages; International audience; Large-scale production and incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP-TiO2 ) in consumer products leads to their potential release into the environment and raises the question of their toxicity. The bactericidal mechanism of NP-TiO2 under UV light is known to involve oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. In the dark, several studies revealed that NP-TiO2 can exert toxicological effects. However, the mode of action of these nanoparticles is still controversial. In the present study, we used a combination of fluorescent probes to show that NP-TiO2 causes Escherichia coli membrane depolarization and loss of integrity, lead…
Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations
2021
Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major “rare” ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10−4 to 10−18 M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular …