Search results for "Transdermal"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Bioadhesive monolayer film for the in vitro transdermal delivery of sumatriptan
2006
The work presented here aims to develop a bioadhesive monolayer film containing sumatriptan as adjuvant for the treatment of headache pain in a severe migraine attack. Permeation experiments were performed from the films prepared and from the respective solution, to evaluate the relevant permeation parameters. The effect of the penetration enhancers Transcutol, 2-pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 600 was evaluated. The results obtained show that Transcutol and 2-pyrrolidone decreased sumatriptan permeation from solution, whereas a modest increase was produced by polyethylene glycol 600. The enhancers produced the same effects when they were included in the film. Compared to solution, the…
Combination strategies for enhancing transdermal absorption of sumatriptan through skin
2006
The aim of the present work was to characterize in vitro sumatriptan transdermal absorption through human skin and to investigate the effect of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis applied both individually and in combination. A secondary objective was to compare the results obtained with those in porcine skin under the same conditions, in order to characterize the relationship between the two skin models and validate the porcine model for further research use. Transdermal flux of sumatriptan was determined in different situations: (a) after pre-treatment of human skin with ethanol, Azone (1-dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one), polyethylene glycol 600 and R-(+)-limonene, (b) under iontophoresis a…
Transdermal and Skin-Targeted Drug Delivery
1997
Background: The application of therapeutic agents to the skin addresses three general objectives: (a) the treatment of a variety of dermatologic diseases; (b) the “targeted” delivery of drugs to deeper subcutaneous tissues, with a concomitant reduction in systemic exposure; and (c) socalled transdermal administration to elicit a systemic pharmacologic effect. Objective: Recently, significant progress towards all three goals has been recorded and the level of research and development activity remains high. We aim to discuss these advances from mechanistic and clinical standpoints. Results: For the topical treatment of skin disease, novel vehicles (e.g., stabilized, supersaturated systems and…
Development of antimigraine transdermal delivery systems of pizotifen malate.
2015
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a transdermal delivery system of pizotifen malate. Pizotifen is frequently used in the preventive treatment of migraine, but is also indicated in eating disorders. In the course of the project, the effects of chemical enhancers such as ethanol, 1,8-cineole, limonene, azone and different fatty acids (decanoic, decenoic, dodecanoic, linoleic and oleic acids) were determined, first using a pizotifen solution. Steady state flux, diffusion and partition parameters were estimated by fitting the Scheuplein equation to the data obtained. Among the chemical enhancers studied, decenoic acid showed the highest enhancement activity, which seeme…
Effect of chemical enhancers on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of sumatriptan succinate
2005
The effects of percutaneous enhancers on the transdermal absorption of sumatriptan succinate were investigated by in vitro permeation studies. Pretreatment of porcine skin with ethanol (vehicle), polyethylene glycol 600, Span 20, oleic acid, R-(+)-limonene, alpha-bisabolol and 1,8-cineole (at 5% in ethanol, w/w) produced in all cases an increase in the flux of sumatriptan. The amount of sumatriptan retained in the skin was also determined. Ethanol has showed a low but significant increment on the drug transdermal flux. Treatment of the skin with alpha-bisabolol shows the same enhancer effect than ethanol. Span 20, oleic acid, and polyethylene glycol 600 have shown a moderate enhancing activ…
Nortriptyline for smoking cessation: Release and human skin diffusion from patches
2009
Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a simple and inexpensive transdermal formulation containing Nortriptyline Hydrochloride (NTH) for smoking cessation support therapy. Hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose was chosen as polymer and a mixture of transdermal enhancers (selected from previous research) was incorporated. The formulations were characterised in terms of appearance, thickness, uniformity of NTH content, release and skin permeation. Release studies demonstrated controlled release for four formulations. Diffusion studies were performed through human heat separated epidermis (HHSE) using Franz Diffusion Cells (FDC). Patches provided different fluxes varying from 20.39 ± 7.09…
Transdermal Nitroglycerine Patch: An Optional Device to Reduce Flap Venous Congestion? A Case Report
2013
ABSTRACT Sometimes in free flap there is a venous congestion without an obstruction of the venous anastomosis or other organic causes of reduction venous drainage (haematoma, seroma compressing the pedicle). In these cases the authors suggest the application of nitroglycerine patch in the congested area of the flap few hours before the surgical exploration of the anastomosis. If there is a fast improvement of the clinical feature of the flap, the surgical exploration could be avoided. The authors underline that applying the nitroglycerin patch should not be regarded in any way as a therapy of a free flap venous thrombosis but only as an useful device, an option to be taken only when the sur…
Enhanced Skin Permeation of Estradiol by Dimethyl Sulfoxide Containing Transdermal Patches.
2021
Dimethyl sulfoxide is a well-known and widely used dermal penetration enhancer. Its incorporation in transdermal patches would be highly desirable
Current Progress in Particle-Based Systems for Transdermal Vaccine Delivery
2020
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via needle-free and non-invasive drug delivery systems is a promising approach for overcoming the current limitations of conventional parenteral vaccination methods. The targeted access to professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations within the skin, such as Langerhans cells (LCs), various dermal dendritic cells (dDCs), macrophages, and others makes the skin an ideal vaccination site to specifically shape immune responses as required. The stratum corneum (SC) of the skin is the main penetration barrier that needs to be overcome by the vaccine components in a coordinated way to achieve optimal access to dermal APC populations that induce priming of…
World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain: a reappraisal
2005
Pain is a prevalent symptom experienced by at least 30% ofpatients undergoing an oncological treatment for metastaticdisease and by more than 70% of advanced cancer patients[1]. In 1986 the World Health Organization [2] published a setof guidelines for cancer pain management based on the three-step analgesic ladder [2]. The main aim of WHO guidelienswas to legitimize the prescribing of strong opioids, arisingfrom evidence of poor management of cancer pain, due toreluctance of health care professionals, institutions, and gov-ernment to use opioids because of fears of addition, toleranceand illegal abuse.Its application is reported to achieve satisfactory pain reliefin up to 90% of patients w…