Search results for "Transmission"

Influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).

2005

The influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. In experiment I, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using F. columnare carrier fish. The fish were exposed to Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. Parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce the disease. Disease occurred when the fish were challenged with F. columnare, but D. spathaceum infection did not enhance the severity of the infection. In experiment II, the influence of rearing de…

Data quality of 5 years of central norovirus outbreak reporting in the European Network for food-borne viruses

2008

ABSTRACT Background The food-borne viruses in Europe (FBVE) network database was established in 1999 to monitor trends in outbreaks of gastroenteritisdue to noroviruses (NoVs), to identify major transmission routes of NoV infections within and between participating countries and to detectdiffuse international food-borne outbreaks.Methods We reviewed the total of 9430 NoVoutbreak reports from 13 countries with date of onset between 1 January 2002 and 1 January2007 for representativeness, completeness and timeliness against these objectives.Results Rates of reporting ranged from a yearly average of 1.8 in 2003 to 11.6 in 2006. Completeness of reporting of an agreed minimumdataset improved ove…

Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda

2021

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analy…

The effect of 26 versus 29-inch wheel diameter in the transmission of vibrations in cross-country mountain biking.

2021

Vibrations experienced by cyclists can affect their performance and health. We analysed the vibrations transmitted by mountain bike (26 or 29-inch wheels), in a 2,110 m circuit with a sample of 55 cyclists. The results indicate that the 29"-wheel increases speed (

Dynamic Packet Bundling for VoIP Transmission Over Rel'7 HSUPA with 10ms TTI Length

2007

In this paper, the system level optimization of the voice over IP transmission in the HSUPA system, configured with a 10 ms TTI length, is analyzed. The study considers the release 7 improvements to HSUPA, in terms of the DPCCH gating concept. A dynamic activated MAC layer bundling of two VoIP packets in a single frame is proposed and compared against the single packet per frame transmission by means of quasi-static system level simulations.

Analysis of RRM limitations and restricted transmission periods for VoIP over HSDPA

2009

This paper studies how the performance of Voice over IP (VoIP) over High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HS-DPA) networks is affected if transmission to a User Equipment (UE) is stopped for specific amount of time during handover procedure. This paper also addresses the situation when it might be necessary to limit the number of UEs in a cell. The study showed that parameter settings for Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms can have an effect to the VoIP capacity: If handover lasts long enough for VoIP packets to be lost, or severe congestion occurs in a cell, VoIP capacity may be degraded.

Power Losses Minimization for Optimal Operating Maps in Power-Split HEVs: A Case Study on the Chevrolet Volt

2021

The power-split architecture is the most promising hybrid electric powertrain. However, a real advantage in energy saving while maintaining high performance can be achieved only by the implementation of a proper energy management strategy. This requires an optimized functional design before and a comprehensive analysis of the powertrain losses after, which could be rather challenging owing to the constructive complexity of the power-split transmission, especially for multi-mode architecture with multiple planetary gearing. This difficulty was overcome by a dimensionless model, already available in the literature, that enables the analysis of any power-split transmission, even in full electr…

Metallic nanoparticle enrichment at low temperature, shallow CO2 seeps in Southern Italy

2012

We report on metal enrichment along a natural pH gradient owing to increased CO2 degassing at cold, shallow seeps of Vulcano Island in the Mediterranean Sea, off Sicily. We assessed composition of unfiltered and filtered seawater (<100 nm) along acidic zones ranging between ambient and pH 5, and showed that most seep derived elements are present as nanoclusters which then aggregate into larger colloids while mixing with ambient seawater along a pH gradient. Size and elemental composition of such naturally occurring nanoparticles assessed by modern characterisation methods were in good agreement with the results from conventional analytical methods. We provide analytical evidence for the pre…

With Phosphinophosphonic Acids to Nanostructured, Water-Soluble, and Catalytically Active Rhodium Clusters

2007

Towards an efficient epsilon near-zero-based wavefront shaper

2017

Although epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials offer many unconventional ways to play with light, the optical impedance mismatch with surroundings can limit the efficiency of future devices. An original example of ENZ-based applications is the wavefront shaping, but up to now devices have transmission efficiency as low as 10-5 [1]. Here, we report strategies to enhance the transmittance through ENZ layer and we demonstrate an enhancement by four orders of magnitude of the transmittance, which reaches up to 15% in the context of ENZ-based wavefront shaping [2].