Search results for "Transparency"
showing 10 items of 291 documents
A prospective study on an innovative online forum for peer reviewing of surgical science
2017
Background Peer review is important to the scientific process. However, the present system has been criticised and accused of bias, lack of transparency, failure to detect significant breakthrough and error. At the British Journal of Surgery (BJS), after surveying authors' and reviewers' opinions on peer review, we piloted an open online forum with the aim of improving the peer review process. Methods In December 2014, a web-based survey assessing attitudes towards open online review was sent to reviewers with a BJS account in Scholar One. From April to June 2015, authors were invited to allow their manuscripts to undergo online peer review in addition to the standard peer review process. T…
Cracking the Code : The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
2019
Reading is an essential skill in modern societies, yet not all learners necessarily become proficient readers. Theoretical concepts (e.g., the orthographic depth hypothesis; the grain size theory) as well as empirical evidence suggest that certain orthographies are easier to learn than others. The present paper reviews the literature on orthographic transparency, morphological complexity, and syllabic complexity of alphabetic languages. These notions are elaborated to show that differences in reading acquisition reflect fundamental differences in the nature of the phonological recoding and reading strategies developing in response to the specific orthography to be learned. The present paper…
Convolutional Matrix Factorization for Recommendation Explanation
2018
In this paper, we introduce a novel recommendation model, which harnesses a convolutional neural network to mine meaningful information from customer reviews, and integrates it with matrix factorization algorithm seamlessly. It is a valid method to improve the transparency of CF algorithms.
Critérios de ponderação entre o direito de acesso a informações públicas e o direito à proteção de dados pessoais: lições a partir do modelo espanhol
2020
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o conflito ente o direito de acesso à informação pública e o direito à proteção de dados pessoais. O primeiro estabelece que toda informação mantida por órgãos públicos é, em regra, acessível, sendo o sigilo uma exceção. O segundo, por outro lado, determina que as informações relativas a pessoas identificadas ou identificáveis devem ser protegidas e seu tratamento e transmissão a terceiros somente se permite com o consentimento do seu titular ou em situações especiais legalmente previstas. Uma vez que não existe uma hierarquia entre direitos fundamentais, diante de um pedido de informação que contenha dados pessoais, a autoridade encarregada de de…
Reporting guidelines for health research: protocol for a cross-sectional analysis of the EQUATOR Network Library
2019
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019.
The necessary distinction between methodology and philosophical assumptions in healthcare research
2012
Methodological discussions within healthcare research have traditionally described a methodological dichotomy between qualitative and quantitative methods. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that such a dichotomy presents unnecessary obstacles for good research design and is methodologically and philosophically unsustainable. The issue of incommensurability is not a question of method but rather a question of the philosophical premises underpinning a given method. Thus, transparency on the philosophical level is important for validity and consistency as well as for attempts to integrate or establish an interface to other research. I argue that it is necessary to make a distinction be…
Shame in decision making under risk conditions: Understanding the effect of transparency.
2017
The role played by the emotion of shame in the area of decision-making in situations of risk has hardly been studied. In this article, we show how the socio-moral emotions and the anticipated feeling of shame associated with different options can determine our decisions, even overriding the cognitive choice tendency proposed by the certainty effect. To do so, we carried out an experiment with university students as participants, dividing them into four experimental conditions. Our findings suggest that people avoid making unethical decisions, both when these decisions are made public to others and when they remain in the private sphere. This result seems to indicate that the main factor in …
What robots want? Hearing the inner voice of a robot.
2021
Summary The inner speech is thoroughly studied in humans, and it represents an interdisciplinary research issue involving psychology, neuroscience, and pedagogy. A few papers only, mostly theoretical, analyze the role of inner speech in robots. The present study investigates the potential of the robot's inner speech while cooperating with human partners. A cognitive architecture is designed and integrated with standard robot routines into a complex framework. Two threads of interaction are discussed by setting the robot operations with and without inner speech. Thanks to the robotic self-dialog, the partner can easily trace the robot's processes. Moreover, the robot can better solve conflic…
A 3D Scanner for Transparent Glass
2009
Many practical tasks in industry, such as automatic inspection or robot vision, often require the scanning of three-dimensional shapes by use of non-contact techniques. However, few methods have been proposed to measure three-dimensional shapes of transparent objects because of the difficulty of dealing with transparency and specularity of the surface. This paper presents a 3D scanner for transparent glass objects based on Scanning From Heating (SFH), a new method that makes use of local surface heating and thermal imaging.
Council Appointed Mayors in Spain: Effects on Local Democracy
2017
El presente artículo toma en consideración los efectos que el sistema de elección del Alcalde tiene sobre la democracia local, basándose en la consideración cinco aspectos: el sistema electoral y su influencia en la composición política de las administraciones locales; la estructura de la administración local y la distribución de funciones entre los alcaldes y el pleno municipal; el papel de los partidos políticos; los mecanismos de control del ejecutivo local y la participación ciudadana. El estudio subraya especialmente la incidencia que el sistema de elección del alcalde por los concejales tiene en relación con los principios de responsabilidad, legitimidad, transparencia y eficiencia de…