Search results for "Transport engineering"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
A model for evaluating the environmental and functional benefits of “innovative” roundabouts
2015
This study looks at the singling out of a multi-parameter criterion for choosing conventional or innovative roundabout layouts, by taking functional, environmental and economic aspects into consideration. The performances of three conventional roundabouts (with different lane number at entries and through the ring), turbo-roundabouts and roundabouts with right-turn bypass lane on all the arms (flower roundabouts) have been compared in terms of vehicle delays and pollutant (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particle pollution (PM10 and PM2.5)) emissions. By means of closed-form capacity models and with the help of COPERT IV© software, several traffic simulations have been carried out, referre…
Urban Air Quality Monitoring Using Vehicular Sensor Networks
2014
The quality of air is a major concern in modern cities as pollutants have been demonstrated to have significant impact on human health. Networks of fixed monitoring stations have been deployed in urban areas to provide authorities with data to define and enforce dynamically policies to reduce pollutants, for instance by issuing traffic regulation measures. However, fixed networks require careful placement of monitoring stations to be effective. Moreover, changes in urban arrangement, activities, or regulations may affect considerably the monitoring model, especially when budget constraints prevent from relocating stations or adding new ones to the network. In this chapter we discuss a diffe…
Traffic Parameters Estimation to Predict Road Side Pollutant Concentrations using Neural Networks
2007
The analysis aims to evaluate which is the most important among traffic parameters (flows, queues length, occupancy degree, and travel time) to forecast CO and C6H6 concentrations. The study area was identified by Notarbartolo Road and bounded by Liberta Street and Sciuti Street in the urban area of Palermo in Southern Italy. In this area, various loop detectors and one pollution-monitoring site were located. Traffic data related to the pollution-monitoring site immediately near the road link were estimated by Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic microsimulator software using as input the flows measured by loop detectors on other links of road network. Traffic and weather data were u…
Analysis of Pollutant Emissions on City Arteries—Aspects of Transport Management
2021
The aim of the study is to present a methodology for analyzing pollution emissions in a medium-sized city using modern traffic simulations in the aspect of minimizing exhaust emissions. The scope of the research and the methods of analysis used differ from those applied in big cities projects that can be found in the literature, Therefore the progressive elaboration model has been applied methodically to formulate and carry out the feasibility study. To perform microscopic traffic simulations, the software Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO—German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany) was applied. Thanks to the simulations, changes in traffic organization were accurately identified in th…
Analysis of the road traffic-induced pollution in two areas of Sibiu, Romania
2017
The current paper details a computer-aided research of the emission levels in two areas of the city of Sibiu, Romania. The research started from the numbers of motor vehicles passing through key segments of those two areas, located at entry points into the city of Sibiu. Using the software package Synchro Studio 7 and SimTraffic 7, the targeted crossroad areas were modelled and key indicators for the road traffic efficiency and for the emission levels were determined. These emission levels were then compared to real measured pollution values, which allowed both to assess the accuracy of the modelling and the influence of other pollution sources on the emission levels in those areas.
Post-license Education for Novice Drivers: Evaluation of a Training Programme implemented in Spain
2006
Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the implementation of a second phase training program for novice drivers in Spain, which puts the primary focus of the training on the higher hierarchical levels of driver behavior. Method Two hundred and sixty-three participants took part throughout the study, which was implemented as an experimental design with the test and control groups assessed before and after the one day safety training. Measurement of the impact of the training program focused on the participants' self-evaluation and self-reporting of some driving behavior indicators related to accident risk. Results Data analysis showed a change in the expected direction in the scale relat…
Individual and Contextual Determinants of Cruise Passengers’ Behavior at Their Destination: A Survival Approach
2020
The proposed study will present an analysis of cruise passengers’ behavior at their destination. Mobility behavior will be analyzed in relation to socio-demographic characteristics through a survival modeling approach. Data collected through GPS devices on cruise passengers’ behavior in the ports of Palermo and Dubrovnik will be analyzed in order to determine similarities and differences among cruise passengers’ behaviors at their destination, according to socio-demographic characteristics. The authors of this chapter contend that the results of this research, involving the processing and the analysis of GPS data, will be of interest from methodological and destination management perspectiv…
Urban layout, landscape features and pedestrian usage
2007
ACL; International audience; The analysis of the factors which condition walking in the urban environment is an important issue in urban planning. The present work is based on the hypothesis that the landscape, in its entirety, plays a role in encouraging pedestrian movements. The frequency of pedestrian traffic in the streets is analyzed as a function of accessibility and landscape preferences with the help of a conceptual framework. By defining accessibility as the measurement of the integration of the space syntax, preferences are researched using multiple stepwise regression of visual variables. This method has been applied to an area in the city of Lille (France) where the pedestrian f…
Vertical relationships for the European railway industry
2001
Abstract A key question in the reform process of Europe's railway industry is the decision whether to opt for a market structure that vertically integrates infrastructure and operations, or for one that separates them. In making this decision, knowledge of the relationship between operating costs and the infrastructure is fundamental. For this purpose a translogarithmic cost function is estimated, including the multi-product nature of railway companies and a measurement of the value of the infrastructure. The results show that costs deriving from freight transport and from the infrastructure are complementary, while those deriving from passenger transport and from the infrastructure are sub…
Pedestrian Safety Indicators Study
2008
Pedestrian mobility can be considered an important feature in a new model of town organization, being suitable for the newly urbanized areas as well as the old quarters and the outskirts, places where streets and squares, once devised for a pedestrian based mobility, were eventually overcame by an ever increasing motorized traffic. Enhancing pedestrian mobility could bring new life and activities into the old and historic parts of the town reviving their original identities. The last decade’s increase in the recourse to private cars requires improvements in pedestrian mobility quality. This can be achieved by building new infrastructures, limiting the use of private cars, improving public t…