Search results for "Treatments"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
Neuro-radiosurgery treatments: MRI brain tumor seeded image segmentation based on a cellular automata model
2016
Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) segmentation on medical images is an open issue in neuro-radiosurgery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most promi-nent modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts. Gamma Knife stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a mini-invasive technique used to deal with inaccessible or insufficiently treated tumors. During the planning phase, the GTV is usually contoured by radiation oncologists using a manual segmentation procedure on MR images. This methodology is certainly time-consuming and op-erator-dependent. Delineation result repeatability, in terms of both intra- and inter-operator reliability, is only obtained by using computer-assisted appr…
NeXt for neuro-radiosurgery: A fully automatic approach for necrosis extraction in brain tumor MRI using an unsupervised machine learning technique
2017
Stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a well-established therapy for intracranial diseases, especially brain metastases and highly invasive cancers that are difficult to treat with conventional surgery or radiotherapy. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most used modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts, allowing for an accurate gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation. Investigating also necrotic material within the whole tumor has significant clinical value in treatment planning and cancer progression assessment. These pathological necrotic regions are generally characterized by hypoxia, which is implicated in several aspects of tumor development and gro…
Where will the next generation of medical treatments for overactive bladder syndrome come from?
2020
This review article discusses the medical need for improved medical treatments of overactive bladder syndrome, and the hurdles and research required to address that need. Currently, few overactive bladder syndrome patients stay on long-term treatment, largely because efficacy expectations are not met, and tolerability is considered insufficient for the chronic treatment of a non-life-threatening condition. Therefore, a medical need exists for improved tolerability and, even more importantly, improved efficacy. It is unlikely that major improvements of efficacy and tolerability can be achieved within the currently approved drug classes. Work in experimental animals suggests that many causes …
The atraumatic restorative treatment approach: an "atraumatic" alternative.
2009
Introduction: Fear and anxiety are part of all human experiences and they may contribute directly to a patient?s behavior. The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is a technique that may be an alternative approach in treating special care patients or those who suffer fear or anxiety. Objective: the aim of this paper is to review the ART technique as an alternative to reduce pain and fear during dental treatment. Materials and method: A search for the term ?atraumatic restorative treatment? was carried out in the MEDLINE search engine. References, from the last 10 years, containing at least one of the terms: ?psychological aspects?, ?discomfort?, ?fear?, ?anxiety? or ?pain?, were selected…
Innovation in Neurosurgery: The Concept of Cognitive Mapping
2019
In recent years, advances in cortical-subcortical mapping, intraoperative neurophysiology, and neuropsychology have increased the ability to remove intrinsic brain tumors, expanding indications and maximizing the extent of resection. This has provided a significant improvement in progression-free survival, time of malignant transformation (in low-grade gliomas), and overall survival. Although current techniques enable preservation of language and motor functions during surgery, the maintenance of a complex set of functions defined with the term cognition is not always achievable. Cognition is defined as every neural process underlying a high human function and includes motor haptic and visu…
Destroying the Shield of Cancer Stem Cells: Natural Compounds as Promising Players in Cancer Therapy
2022
In a scenario where eco-sustainability and a reduction in chemotherapeutic drug waste are certainly a prerogative to safeguard the biosphere, the use of natural products (NPs) represents an alternative therapeutic approach to counteract cancer diseases. The presence of a heterogeneous cancer stem cell (CSC) population within a tumor bulk is related to disease recurrence and therapy resistance. For this reason, CSC targeting presents a promising strategy for hampering cancer recurrence. Increasing evidence shows that NPs can inhibit crucial signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of CSC stemness and sensitize CSCs to standard chemotherapeutic treatments. Moreover, their limited toxici…
Hepatocellular cancer cell lines, Hep-3B and Hep-G2 display the pleiotropic response to resveratrol and berberine
2022
Purpose Human carcinoma cells with different p53 status exposed to a combination of bioactive substances, resveratrol and berberine, revealed different responses in cell viability via p53-dependant apoptosis pathway activation. Materials and methods Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, we investigated various and opposing effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Hep-G2 and Hep-3B with different p53-status. Results Cells decreased in viability after treatment with dose-dependent concentrations of resveratrol and berberine. Hep-3B p53 mutants were more sensitive in comparison to the p53 wild type Hep-G2 cell line. A syne…
Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy: from diagnosis to treatment
2018
Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) is a very common condition caused by the presence of calcific deposits in the rotator cuff (RC) or in the subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursa when calcification spreads around the tendons. The pathogenetic mechanism of RCCT is still unclear. It seems to be related to cell-mediated disease in which metaplastic transformation of tenocytes into chondrocytes induces calcification inside the tendon of the RC. RCCT is a frequent finding in the RC that may cause significant shoulder pain and disability. It can be easily diagnosed with imaging studies as conventional radiography (CR) or ultrasound (US). Conservative management of RCCT usually involves rest,…
Modulation of Efficient Diiodo-BODIPY in vitro Phototoxicity to Cancer Cells by Carbon Nano-Onions
2020
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently one of the most promising approaches for targeted cancer treatment. It is based on responses of vital physiological signals, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with diseased condition development, such as tumors. This study presents the synthesis, incorporation, and application of a diiodo-BODIPY based photosensitizer, based on a non-covalent functionalization of carbon nano-onions (CNOs). In vitro assays demonstrate that HeLa cells internalize the diiodo-BODIPY molecules, and their CNOs nanohybrids. Upon cell internalization and light exposure, the pyrene-diiodo-BODIPY molecules induce an increase of the ROS level of HeLa cell…
Influence of different dehydration levels on volatile profiles, phenolic contents and skin hardness of alkaline pre-treated grapes cv Muscat of Alexa…
2020
A dehydration experiment was carried out on Vitis vinifera L. cv Muscat of Alexandria (synonym Zibibbo) following the process for the production of renowned special dessert wines produced on Pantelleria island (Sicily, Italy). Harvested berries were pre-treated in a sodium hydroxide dipping solution (45 g/L, dipped for 185 s, 25 °