Search results for "Treaty"
showing 10 items of 79 documents
European Action Programmes for Lifelong Learning
2009
Vocational education and training has been a part of the process of creating a European community since the 1950s. The European training programmes Erasmus and Comett were launched in the 1980s. After the Maastricht Treaty, agreed in 1992, such training programmes were expanded further at the same time as emphasizing their importance to the internationalization of education. With a view to promoting and intensifying educational co-operation, in 1995 the European Commission created two new educational programmes called Socrates and Leonardo da Vinci. Both are umbrella schemes that brought together previously separate action programmes in the field of education. Leonardo da Vinci has been a E…
Reassessing British Conservative Euroscepticism as A Case of Party (Mis)Management
2015
Much has already been written about internal party divisions and European integration (Hix and Lord 1997; Conti 2007; Szczerbiak and Taggart 2008; Conti 2014), with the example of the British Conservative Party of the 1990s often used as a textbook case of a mainstream government party expressing some forms of opposition to European integration. In a wider comparative framework, the party can also be located within a Eurosceptic drift across the centre-right in the EU (Best 2012, p. 140). The case of the British Conservative Party is all the more relevant as the history of European integration shows how party families on the centre-right initially played an active part in the setting up of …
Is an Increase of the Fiscal Budget at EMU level Desirable?
2005
The birth of the European Monetary Union (EMU) has determined the creation of a common currency, the Euro, but unlike other monetary unions, the EMU does not have a central fiscal authority. The role of fiscal policy is left to the responsibility of the governments of the EMU member States. The new architecture modifies the assignment of the instruments to the objectives, especially those of stabilization. The loss of the sovereignty of monetary policy and exchange rate control by the individual member states has determined the inability to use two important instruments of insurance against the risks of shocks. Moreover, the Treaty of Maastricht and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) could…
La Unión Europea ante la emergencia climática
2020
From its origins, the Member States of the European Union (EU) have demonstrated the need for strategic energy measures. As it did with the 1952 Coal and Steel Treaty and the 1957 Euratom Treaty, designing a strong economic area, although it was based on the promotion of a decadent and unsustainable energy. Today, we are facing an EU, which climate policy is far from the original one, with a plausible objective: to give priority to energy efficiency while making its own path through the international community, designing key, competitive and sustainable measures, contributing significantly to the new international climate regime under the Paris Agreement. However the adoption of the Eu…
The Future Of Mutual Assistance Conventions In The European Union
2010
The European Union, keeping to the traditional principles of conventional international law, dealt with judicial assistance within the framework provided by the Third Pillar, at first rather timidly through its new normative instruments; and then more effectively through the traditional route of conventions. The two main aims of the EU Convention 2000 are, on the one hand, 'ensuring that mutual assistance between Member States is provided in a fast and efficient manner'; 29 and on the other, guaranteeing that this is done in a way that is: 'compatible with the basic principles of their national law and in compliance with the individual rights and principles of the European Convention for th…
Multiple Actors in Framing the EU's External Policy: The Case of the EU Global Security Strategy
2017
The functioning of the European External Action Service (EEAS) has been a much discussed issue since its establishment. By constructing, through the Treaty of Lisbon, a single actor for the EU external policy, the EEAS now has to deal with finding most efficient ways of accommodating the interests of both the EU Member States and the EU institutions. The paper applies the Principal-Agent method to examine the delegation of EU external policy to the EEAS. The vague mentioning of the EEAS in the Lisbon Treaty and the inter-institutional negotiations preceding the July 2010 Council Decision on the organisation and functioning of the EEAS illustrate how Member States have decided to leave a rem…
Nodokļu konvenciju un uzņēmumu peļņas repatriācijas uz investora valsti aplikšanas ar nodokļiem ietekme uz ārvalstu tiešajām investīcijām Latvijā.
2022
Latvijai ir salīdzinoši plašs nodokļu konvenciju tīkls, un šo konvenciju slēgšana pamatā tiek slēgta ar mērķi novērst nodokļu dubultās uzlikšanu, tādējādi arī veicinot ārvalstu tiešās investīcijas Latvijā. Taču līdz šim Latvijā jautājums par to, vai nodokļu konvencijas veicina ārvalstu tiešās investīcijas Latvijā, nav plaši pētīts. Autors šajā darbā pētīja sakarību starp nodokļu konvencijas esamības faktu (ņemot vērā dažādas attiecīgo konvenciju īpašības) un ārvalstu tiešajām investīcijām Latvijā. Tāpat tika apskatīta atsevišķu nodokļu faktoru ietekme uz ārvalstu investīcijām Latvijā. Darbā, izmantojot paneļa datu modeli, analizēta informācija par ārvalstu tiešajām investīcijām uz Latviju n…
Ultra-high resolution mass separator—Application to detection of nuclear weapons tests
2009
Abstract A Penning trap-based purification process having a resolution of about 1 ppm is reported. In this context, we present for the first time a production method for the most complicated and crucially important nuclear weapons test signature, 133mXe. These pure xenon samples are required by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization to standardize and calibrate the worldwide network of xenon detectors.
The Historical Foundations of the Regulation of Indications of Geographical Origin
2014
Understanding of indications of geographical origin (IGOs) and the necessity for their protection emerged from two opposite though mutually related powers. From one side, it emerged from efforts of interested persons, mainly producers of goods bearing IGOs, to develop recognition of designations (usually names) capable to designate their geographical origin. From another side, it arose as a response to practices of such persons who exploited the commercial success of those names not being in any way associated with the geographical places referred to in those names at all (nowadays these persons are called imitators). The history of IGOs, therefore, reveals a broad list of examples of when …
Organization and Running of the National Plebiscite for Peace in Opole Voivodeship
2018
The National Plebiscite for Peace took place in Poland between 17 and 22 May 1951 under the auspices of the Polish Committee of the Defenders of Peace. The campaign aimed to gather signatures under the Berlin Appeal announced by the World Peace Council as regards signing the Peace Treaty between five world powers. Voting was preceded by an intensive propaganda campaign in defence of peace and condemning “warmongers”. In Opole Voivodeship, analogically to the whole country, numerous peace committees came into existence before the plebiscite. A group of about 40,000 activists were recruited. Many gatherings, mass meetings and demonstrations were organized. Propaganda was conducted by means of…