Search results for "Tree"

Assessing divergence time of Spirulida and Sepiida (Cephalopoda) based on hemocyanin sequences

2011

Abstract The phylogenetic position of the mesopelagic decabrachian cephalopod Spirula is still a matter of debate. Since hemocyanin has successfully been used to calibrate a molecular clock for many molluscan species, a molecular clock was calculated based on this gene with special attention to the cephalopod genera Spirula and Sepia. The obtained partial sequence comprising ca., one third (3567 bp) of the complete gene is similar to that of Sepia officinalis. The molecular clock was calibrated using the splits of Gastropoda–Cephalopoda (ca. 550 ± 50 mya) and Heterobranchia–Vetigastropoda (ca. 380 ± 10 mya). The resulting hemocyanin-based molecular clock is stable, and the estimated diverge…

Ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversification of the hooded staminode in Marantaceae

2010

The flowers of Marantaceae are known for their unique pollination mechanism mediated by an explosive style movement. The mechanism is based on the highly modified elements of the inner androecial whorl, i.e., the single half-fertile anther and the fleshy and hooded staminodes. We investigated 67 species across 24 genera to elucidate which parts of the hooded staminode are shared by all species, thus likely under strong selection pressure, and which are allowed to vary. We treated hooded staminodes as character syndromes and grouped them based on gross similarities. We identified characters underlying the similarity and investigated their diversity and developmental pathways. All hooded stam…

2006

We describe for the first time the radial sesamoid or “false thumb” of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), showing its great morphological similarities with that of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the differences with that of the rest of the Ursidae. This points to the existence of a common origin for this structure in both species, but considering the accepted phylogenies of ursids, the sharing of a “false thumb” in T. ornatus and A. melanoleuca would be a plesiomorphy for these groups, whereas in the rest of the ursids the radial sesamoid was probably reduced, lacking the specialised function that this bone has in Tremarctinae and Ailuropodinae.

Classification of Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) based on two molecular data sets (ITS, AFLPs), morphology and geographical distribution

2004

On the basis of the study of c. 1100 herbarium specimens, field observations and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence, Primula sect. Auricula is classified into two subsections, 25 species and six subspecies. Primula auricula L. ssp. widmerae (Pax) L. B. Zhang stat. nov., P. auricula Linn. ssp. tatriaca L. B. Zhang ssp. nov., and P. latifolia Lapeyr. ssp. cynoglossifolia (Widmer) L. B. Zhang stat. nov. are newly described or combined; P. auricula s.l. is divided into two species: P. auricula Linn. and P. balbisii Lehm., representing the northern and the southern populations of P. auricula s.l. resolved in the molecular study, respectively; P. cottia Widmer and P. balbisii Lehm. are recovered fro…

A new combination in Mononeuria (Caryophyllaceae)

2018

The nomenclatural change Mononeuria caroliniana comb. nov. is proposed on the basis of molecular phylogenetic results analyzing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer.

Phylogenetic relationships among Flavescence doree strains and related phytoplasmas determined by heteroduplex mobility assay and sequence of ribosom…

2003

Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and DNA sequencing were performed on Flavescence doree (FD) phytoplasma strains and related phytoplasmas belonging to the elm yellows group. Part of the ribosomal RNA gene operon and a nonribosomal DNA region were utilized for phylogenetic analyses. Two FD strains, FD92 and FD-D, detected in France and Italy, respectively, were identical in both DNA fragments, confirming previous results. Other FD strains were all very similar and most closely resembled ALY, an Italian alder phytoplasma. Phytoplasmas associated with German Palatinate grapevine yellows were shown to form a distinct subcluster, also different from the elm yellows phytoplasma subcluster. Strai…

Genetics on Invasive Species

2002

Genetic markers are especially appropriate to reveal historical processes, as for example regarding biological invasions. Phylogenetic and population genetic methods enable to identify the taxa involved in an invasion (native and non-native species) and often lead to the perception of multiple or cryptic invasions. Phylogeographic and multi-locus approaches have been developed to assign individual invaders to potential source populations. The results may have implications for management measures. However, little is known about the genetic architecture of newly colonised populations. We introduce here genetic models for colonisations in linear habitats like rivers or coastlines. The expectat…

Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Evolution of the Flora of the European Alpine System

2003

This paper presents a perspective of how phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses, based on nuclear DNA sequence variation (ITS) or amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), can provide insights into the origin and evolution of the European high mountain flora. We focus on a diversity of unrelated herbaceous plant taxa that are broadly co-distributed across the European Alpine System, representing different taxonomic levels, and having either Mediterranean or Asian affinities (i.e., Anthyllis montana, Pritzelago alpina, Globularia vs. Soldanella, and Primula sect. Auricula). Our observations highlight that all taxa investigated began to diversify at the beginning of the Pleistocen…

Molecular analysis ofPhytophthoradiversity in nursery-grown ornamental and fruit plants

2015

The genetic diversity of Phytophthora spp. was investigated in potted ornamental and fruit tree species. A metabarcoding approach was used, based on a semi-nested PCR with Phytophthora genus-specific primers targeting the ITS1 region of the rDNA. More than 50 ITS1 sequence types representing at least 15 distinct Phytophthora taxa were detected. Nine had ITS sequences that grouped them in defined taxonomic groups (P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora, P. meadii, P. taxon Pgchlamydo, P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora, P. cambivora, P. niederhauserii and P. lateralis) whereas three phylotypes were associated to two or more taxa (P. citricola taxon E or III; P. pseudosyringae, P. ilicis or P. nemorosa; and…

GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary beh…

2021

This study was conducted under the umbrella of the ActiveBrains and the SmarterMove projects supported by the MINECO/FEDER (DEP2013-47540, DEP2016-79512-R, RYC-2011-09011) and the CoCA project supported by the European Union's 2020 research and innovation programme (667302). JHM is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU15/02645). AR is supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, and the Collaboration for leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East Midlands. SS is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE36-0004-01). RW is supported by a Medical Research Council Industrial Strategy Studentship (MR…