Search results for "Tree"

Space syntax analysis applied to urban street lighting: Relations between spatial properties and lighting levels

2019

According to the international technical standards, higher lighting levels (luminance and illuminance levels) are expected in trafficked and central roads (where restrictive minimum lighting requirements are necessary) and lower lighting levels are expected in peripheral and less trafficked roads. Starting from this assumption, in this paper, the authors analyse the correlations between spatial properties (expressed by spatial indicators, for example, the integration index and the choice index) and lighting levels (expressed by lighting parameters, for example luminance and illuminance) upon roads of an urban context. The analysis has been applied to the case study of the medium sized town …

Evolution of OO Methods: the unified case

1997

This paper takes an evaluative look into OO methods and especially the evolution of the new snified method from its ancestors, OMT and OODA. The paper ries to classify the components of the earlier ethods and identify the parts that have been taken into the Unified ethod. The research applies the method metrics approach. For the sake of compactness we limit ourselves to the class diagram technique of all methods. We make observations about the number of concepts in each variation and show how the metrics can be used to analyse the changes in the techniques.

A GRASP heuristic for the mixed Chinese postman problem

2002

Abstract Arc routing problems (ARPs) consist of finding a traversal on a graph satisfying some conditions related to the links of the graph. In the Chinese postman problem (CPP) the aim is to find a minimum cost tour (closed walk) traversing all the links of the graph at least once. Both the Undirected CPP, where all the links are edges that can be traversed in both ways, and the Directed CPP, where all the links are arcs that must be traversed in a specified way, are known to be polynomially solvable. However, if we deal with a mixed graph (having edges and arcs), the problem turns out to be NP -hard. In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm for this problem, the so-called Mixed CPP…

A Novel Approach to Improve the Accuracy of Web Retrieval

2010

General purpose search engines utilize a very simple view on text documents: They consider them as bags of words. It results that after indexing, the semantics of documents is lost. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to improve the accuracy of Web retrieval. We utilize the WordNet and WordNet SenseRelate All Words Software as main tools to preserve the semantics of the sentences of documents and user queries. Nouns and verbs in the WordNet are organized in the tree hierarchies. The word meanings are presented by numbers that reference to the nodes on the semantic tree. The meaning of each word in the sentence is calculated when the sentence is analyzed. The goal is to put each nou…

Automatic building of a visual interface for content-based multiresolution retrieval of paleontology images

2001

In this article we present research work in the field of content-based image retrieval in large databases applied to the paleontology image database of the Universite´ de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, called ‘‘TRANS’TYFIPAL.’’ Our indexing method is based on multiresolution decomposition of database images using wavelets. For each family of paleontology images we try to find a model image that represents it. The K-means automatic classification algorithm divides the space of parameters into several clusters. A model image for each cluster is computed from the wavelet transform of each image of the cluster. Then a search tree is built to offer users a graphic interface for retrieving images. So …

From phylogenetics to phylogenomics: the evolutionary relationships of insect endosymbiotic gamma-Proteobacteria as a test case.

2007

The increasing availability of complete genome sequences and the development of new, faster methods for phylogenetic reconstruction allow the exploration of the set of evolutionary trees for each gene in the genome of any species. This has led to the development of new phylogenomic methods. Here, we have compared different phylogenetic and phylogenomic methods in the analysis of the monophyletic origin of insect endosymbionts from the gamma-Proteobacteria, a hotly debated issue with several recent, conflicting reports. We have obtained the phylogenetic tree for each of the 579 identified protein-coding genes in the genome of the primary endosymbiont of carpenter ants, Blochmannia floridanus…

Hysteresis Model of Unconscious-Conscious Interconnection: Exploring Dynamics on m-Adic Trees

2015

The theoretical model outlined in this paper, has been experimentally validated by: H. Kim ,J-Y. Moon ,G.A. Mashour & U. Lee, ''Mechanisms of hysteresis in human brain networks during transitions of consciousness and unconsciousness: Theoretical principles and empirical evidence'', PLOS-Computational Biology, August 30, 2018, https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006424; International audience; In this brief note, we focus attention on a possible implementation of a basic hysteretic pattern (the Preisach one), suitably generalized, into a formal model of unconscious-conscious interconnection and based on representation of mental entities by m-adic numbers. …

The Gypsy Database (GyDB) of mobile genetic elements.

2007

In this article, we introduce the Gypsy Database (GyDB) of mobile genetic elements, an in-progress database devoted to the non-redundant analysis and evolutionary-based classification of mobile genetic elements. In this first version, we contemplate eukaryotic Ty3/Gypsy and Retroviridae long terminal repeats (LTR) retroelements. Phylogenetic analyses based on the gag-pro-pol internal region commonly presented by these two groups strongly support a certain number of previously described Ty3/Gypsy lineages originally reported from reverse-transcriptase (RT) analyses. Vertebrate retroviruses (Retroviridae) are also constituted in several monophyletic groups consistent with genera proposed by t…

Making smart use of woody alien plants

It is unquestionable that some alien woody plant species are a major issue for biodiversity conservation. However, being alien species generally adapted to warmer conditions than autochthonous/local ones, they could be particularly suited to cope with the new environmental and climatic conditions that are also forecasted in the coming decades in Sicily. This poses an issue that is not easy to deal with, whether trying to use these species for the advantages they could bring, for instance in the new reforestation activities, while avoiding them becoming a serious problem for biodiversity conservation in natural and seminatural areas. Here, we present three study cases of non-native tree spec…

Circular Economy and Value Creation: Sustainable Finance with a Real Options Approach

2021

This paper presents a methodological proposal that integrates the circular economy concept and financial valuation through real options analysis. The Value Hill model of a circular economy provides a representation of the course followed by the value of an asset. Specifically, after the primary use, the life of an asset may be extended by going through four phases: the 4R phases (Reuse, Refurbish, Remanufacture and Recycle). Financial valuation allows us to quantify value creation from firms’ asset circularity under uncertainty, modelled by binomial trees. Furthermore, the 4R phases are valued as real options by applying no-arbitrage opportunity arguments. The major contribution of this pap…