Search results for "Tributyltin"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
DNA damage and apoptosis in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
2002
The effects of known genotoxic substances (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, benzo[a]pyrene, teniposide, etoposide, cycloheximide, tributyltin) on human cells (FLC, HL-60) and on mussels were investigated. The correlations between formation of DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmentation characteristic for the process of apoptosis were estimated. Strand breaks induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and benzo[a]pyrene did not correlate with DNA fragmentation detected in the process of apoptosis. Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells was initiated by teniposide, etoposide and tributyltin, while in the gills of mussels this was detected only with tributyltin. Levels of DNA strand brea…
Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism,Liza saliens (osteichthyes, mugilidae): a histological study
2006
The histopathological effects of 10−7 and 10−9M tributyltin(IV)chloride,TBTCl, solutions on different Liza saliens organs have been studied by light microscope. The fish were sacrificed after 3–4 h incubation in 10−7M TBTCl solution or after 15 days incubation in 10−9M solution. The observed histopathological changes were dose- and time-dependent. The 10−7M TBTCl concentration resulted in major damage to the gill epithelium, indicating that TBTCl primarily interfered with the respiration, osmoregulation, acid balance and nitrogenous waste excretion processes. After incubation in 10−9M TBTCl solution the fish lived 20 or more days, but many of the organs were altered. Thymus atrophy, reduced…
Environmental impact of antifouling technologies: state of art and perspectives
2001
1. Marine fouling affects most man-made surfaces temporarily or permanently immersed in the sea, resulting in significant (or substantial) economic costs. Intense research is aimed at preventing or reducing fouling. 2. The most widespread solution to avoid fouling formation is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers, coating them with antifouling (AF) paints containing toxic compounds. Most AF agents (e.g. tributyltin, (TBT)) have undesirable effects on non-target species, including commercially important organisms. 3. To date, the use of TBT in AF paints has been restricted (but not prohibited) in a number of countries and new biocides are in use. 4. The environmental problems posed to ma…
Lactones. Part 15: Synthesis of chiral spirolactones with a carane system—insect feeding deterrents
2002
Abstract Starting from (+)-3-carene 1 several spirolactones with carane backbone were synthesized. δ-Hydroxy-γ-lactone 5 was obtained by acidic lactonization of a γ,δ-epoxy ester. Iodolactone 8 and bromolactone 9 were products of iodolactonization of γ,δ-unsaturated acid 7 and bromolactonization of γ,δ-unsaturated ester 3 respectively. The halo lactones were subjected to reductive dehalogenation with tributyltin hydride and dehydrohalogenation with DBU. The structures of the lactones obtained were confirmed by X-ray analysis and spectral data.
Novel enantiomerically pure 2-amino-1,4-diols from chiral 4-hydroxymethyl-5-iodo-1,3-oxazin-2-ones
2004
Abstract Reduction of (4 S ,5 S ,6 S )-4-hydroxymethyl-5-iodo-6-methyl-1,3-oxazin-2-one 2a and (4 S ,5 S ,6 R )-4-hydroxymethyl-5-iodo-6-phenyl-1,3-oxazin-2-one 2b with tributyltin hydride in ethanol afforded 1,3-oxazin-2-one 3a and 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 4b , respectively. Hydrolysis of 3a and 4b under basic conditions led to enantiomerically pure aminodiols 1a and 1b . Reduction of 2b in refluxing toluene led to the unexpected bicyclic tetrahydrofuro[3 a , d ]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 5 as the sole product.
Effects of Tributyltin(IV) Chloride Exposure on Larvae ofCiona intestinalis (Urochordata): An Ultrastructural Study
1996
The effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride (TBT chloride) have been tested on embryos of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, at two different stages of development: (1) before hatching (coiled larval stage) and (2) 2 h after hatching (swimming larval stage). In vivo observations carried out with a light microscope showed that embryos at the coiled larval stage did not hatch following exposure to TBT chloride. Severe anomalies in the swimming larva, mainly concerning the morphology of the tail, which appeared twisted and squatter than in the controls, were observed. Such anomalies were also found at a functional level, i.e. contractile movements were poor so that the larvae appeared motionless. Ul…
Organometallic complexes with biological molecules: XVI. Endocrine disruption effects of tributyltin(IV)chloride on metamorphosis of the ascidian lar…
2001
The effects of tributyltin(IV)chloride (TBT) on the metamorphosis of ascidian larvae of Ciona intestinalis, 2 h after hatching, were investigated. Ascidians are protochordates that lack thyroid follicles and possess thyroid hormones (THs) and their precursors, 3-monoiodo-tyrosine (MIT) and 3,5-diiodo-tyrosine (DIT), in their endostyle. According to recent findings, these hormones are also present at larval stages, localize in mesenchymal cells and their function seems to be mainly related to larval transformations. Here, we investigate the effects of TBT on thyroxine (T4) content and localization by exposing larvae of C. intestinalis for different times to TBT concentrations known to block …
Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism, Liza saliens (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae)
2006
The histopathological effects of 10−7 and 10−9 M tributyltin(IV)chloride,TBTCl, solutions on different Liza saliens organs have been studied by light microscope. The fish were sacrificed after 3–4 h incubation in 10−7 M TBTCl solution or after 15 days incubation in 10−9 M solution. The observed histopathological changes were dose- and time-dependent. The 10−7 M TBTCl concentration resulted in major damage to the gill epithelium, indicating that TBTCl primarily interferedwith the respiration, osmoregulation, acid balance and nitrogenous waste excretion processes. After incubation in 10−9 M TBTCl solution the fish lived 20 or more days, but many of the organs were altered. Thymus atrophy, red…
Activation of MAP kinase signaling pathway in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as biomarker of environmental pollution
2010
Stimulation of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway by various stressful stimuli was investigated in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. Analyses were performed in animals exposed in laboratory to selected pollutants and in mussels collected in winter and summer along the eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia). Effects of oxidative stress, induced by tributyltin, hydrogen peroxide and water soluble fraction of diesel fuel on the activation/phosphorylation of the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK and ERK using a newly developed ELISA procedure were evaluated. MAP kinase activation was analyzed 1 h after exposure of mussels to chemical agents, and after recovery p…
Molecular basis of the interaction of novel tributyltin(IV) 2/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl] benzoates endowed with an improved cytotoxic profile: Synth…
2010
A series of tributyltin(IV) complexes based on 2/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]benzoate ligands was synthesized, wherein the position of the carboxylate and aryl substituents (methyl, tert-butyl and hydroxyl) varies. The complexes, Bu(3)SnL(1-4)H (1-4), have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis and IR, NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (119)Sn) and (119)Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy. All have a tetrahedral geometry in solution and a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid-state, except for Bu(3)SnL(4)H (4) that was ascertained to have tetrahedral coordination by X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out on human tumor cell lines A498 (renal cancer), EVSA-T (mammary cance…