Search results for "Tumor microenvironment."
showing 10 items of 307 documents
Prognostic Value of Complement Properdin in Cancer
2021
© 2021 Mangogna, Varghese, Agostinis, Alrokayan, Khan, Stover, Belmonte, Martorana, Ricci, Bulla and Kishore. The complement system is readily triggered by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns on the surface of tumour cells. The complement alternative pathway provides rapid amplification of the molecular stress signal, leading to complement cascade actvation to deal with pathogens or malignant cells. Properdin is the only known positive regulator of the alternative pathway. In addition, properdin promotes the phagocytic uptake of apoptotic T cells by macrophages and dendritic cells without activating the complement system, thus, establishing its ability to recognize “altered…
Endocytotic uptake of HPMA-based polymers by different cancer cells: impact of extracellular acidosis and hypoxia.
2017
Daniel Gündel,1 Mareli Allmeroth,2 Sarah Reime,1 Rudolf Zentel,2 Oliver Thews1 1Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 2Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Background: Polymeric nanoparticles allow to selectively transport chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor tissue. These nanocarriers have to be taken up into the cells to release the drug. In addition, tumors often show pathological metabolic characteristics (hypoxia and acidosis) which might affect the polymer endocytosis.Materials and methods: Six different N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based polymer structures (homopolymer as well as…
Metal drugs and the anticancer immune response
2018
The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation ("immune surveillance"). Hence, a clinically apparent tumor already reflects selection for those malignant cell clones capable of evading immune recognition ("immune evasion"). Metal drugs, besides their well-investigated cytotoxic anticancer effects, massively interact with the cancer-immune interface and can reverse important aspects of immune evasion. This topic has recently gained intense attention based on combination approaches with anticancer immunotherapy (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors), a strategy recently delivering first exciting…
Functional and genetic deconstruction of the cellular origin in liver cancer.
2015
During the past decade, research on primary liver cancers has particularly highlighted the uncommon plasticity of differentiated parenchymal liver cells (that is, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (also known as biliary epithelial cells)), the role of liver progenitor cells in malignant transformation, the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the molecular complexity of liver tumours. Whereas other reviews have focused on the landscape of genetic alterations that promote development and progression of primary liver cancers and the role of the tumour microenvironment, the crucial importance of the cellular origin of liver cancer has been much less explored. Therefore, in this Review, w…
Inhibition of tumor lactate oxidation: consequences for the tumor microenvironment.
2011
Abstract Background and purpose Tumor cells are recognized as being highly glycolytic. However, recently it was suggested that lactate produced in hypoxic tumor areas may be taken up by the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 and oxidized in well-oxygenated tumor parts. Furthermore, it was shown that inhibition of lactate oxidation using the MCT1 inhibitor α-cyano-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) can radio-sensitize tumors possibly by forcing a switch from lactate oxidization to glycolysis in oxygenated cells, which in turn improves tumor oxygenation and indirectly kills radio-resistant hypoxic tumor cells from glucose starvation. Material and methods To provide direct evidence for the existence of a ta…
Abstract 4330: Immune checkpoint expression score is an independent prognostic biomarker in resectable non-small cell lung cancer
2015
Abstract BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints blockade, which activate antitumor immunity, has demonstrated promising clinical results in NSCLC. In this study we have investigated the prognostic role of immune checkpoint expression markers and its correlation with immune-cells infiltration and clinico-pathological characteristics in a cohort of resectable NSCLC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS RNA was isolated from fresh-frozen lung specimens (tumor and normal lung) (n = 178). RTqPCR was performed to analyze the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 by the use of hydrolysis probes. Relative gene expression was assessed by Pfaffl formula and normalized by the use of CDKN1B, GUS and ACTB as endogenous …
Intratumor CMS Heterogeneity Impacts Patient Prognosis in Localized Colon Cancer
2021
Abstract Purpose: The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) represent a significant advance in the understanding of intertumor heterogeneity in colon cancer. Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is the new frontier for refining prognostication and understanding treatment resistance. This study aims at deciphering the transcriptomic ITH of colon cancer and understanding its potential prognostic implications. Experimental Design: We deconvoluted the transcriptomic profiles of 1,779 tumors from the PETACC8 trial and 155 colon cancer cell lines as weighted sums of the four CMSs, using the Weighted In Silico Pathology (WISP) algorithm. We assigned to each tumor and cell line a combination of up to three …
The combined role of biomarkers and interim PET scan in prediction of treatment outcome in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a retrospective, European, m…
2016
BACKGROUND: Early-interim fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan after two ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) chemotherapy courses (PET-2) represents the most effective predictor of treatment outcome in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. We aimed to assess the predictive value of PET-2 combined with tissue biomarkers in neoplastic and microenvironmental cells for this disease.METHODS: We enrolled 208 patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma and treated with ABVD (training set), from Jan 1, 2002, to Dec 31, 2009, and validated the results in a fully matched independent cohort of 102 patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (validation set), enrolled from Jan 1, 2008, to De…
Immunotherapeutic Advances for NSCLC.
2021
Abstract Immunotherapy with antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has revolutionized treatment paradigms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without oncogenic driver alterations. These agents, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have also widely demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in locally advanced as well as in early-stage NSCLC. Assessment of tumor PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry has entered into routine clinical practice to select patients for immunotherapy, even though its predictive role has long been debated. Despite improved survival outcomes over standard chemotherapy, treatment with ICIs is associated with i…
CIMT 2019: report on the 17th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy
2019
The 17th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT), Europe`s cancer immunotherapy meeting, took place in Mainz, Germany from 21 to 23 May, 2019. Recent advancements in cance...