Search results for "Type I"
showing 10 items of 966 documents
Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in myocardium subjected to cardioplegic arrest.
2009
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) production by both coronary endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is thought to play a significant role in myocardial pathophysiology following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: In thirteen pigs subjected to 1 hour cardioplegic arrest (CA) on CPB, left ventricular (LV) biopsies were collected prior to CPB (baseline), at 60 min CPA, at 15 and 30 min reperfusion on CPB, and at 120 min post CPB. LV specimens were immunocytochemically stained against phospho-eNOS Ser1177 , phospho-eNOS Thr495 , phosphorylated ERK1/2, and AKT/PKB. Four additional pigs without CA served as controls. Cardiomyocytes were quantitatively investigated using TV densitometry (gray units: …
Oral N-acetylcysteine attenuates the rat pulmonary inflammatory response to antigen.
2003
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases including asthma; therefore, antioxidants might be of clinical benefit in asthma treatment. In the present study, the effects of N-acetylcysteine on sensitised brown Norway rats were examined. N-Acetylcysteine (3 mmol kg body weight(-1) administered orally) was given daily for 1 week before challenge and various antigen-induced pulmonary responses were studied. Antigen exposure increased lipid peroxidation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and oxidised glutathione levels in lung tissue 2 h after challenge. Lung nuclear transcription factor-KB-binding activity was increased 2 h after challenge, and BALF …
Aclidinium inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition.
2012
Cigarette smoking contributes to lung remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As part of this remodelling, peribronchiolar fibrosis is observed in the small airways of COPD patients and contributes to airway obstruction. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition is a key step in peribronchiolar fibrosis formation. This in vitro study examined the effect of cigarette smoke on bronchial fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, and whether aclidinium bromide inhibits this process. Human bronchial fibroblasts were incubated with aclidinium bromide (10 −9 –10 −7 M) and exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were measured …
Aclidinium inhibits human lung fibroblast to myofibroblast transition
2011
Background Fibroblast to myofibroblast transition is believed to contribute to airway remodelling in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study examines the role of aclidinium, a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist, on human fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Methods Human bronchial fibroblasts were stimulated with carbachol (10 −8 to 10 −5 M) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1; 2 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of aclidinium (10 −9 to 10 −7 M) or different drug modulators for 48 h. Characterisation of myofibroblasts was performed by analysis of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and protein expression as well as α…
Extracorporeal circulation activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in erythrocytes.
2007
Background Extracorporeal circulation used in cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis is often associated with severe hypotension, which is an important predictor for mortality and morbidity. One pathophysiological hypothesis includes nitric oxide (NO) generation. Recently, a functional NO synthase (endothelial type NO synthase [eNOS]), was found to be expressed in human red blood cells. However, to date, activation of red blood cell eNOS has not been shown. We hypothesized that eNOS in circulating red blood cells might be activated during extracorporeal circulation and thus contribute to hypotension through vasodilation upon NO release. Methods We collected blood samples from 28 patients e…
Finite type invariants of knots in homology 3-spheres with respect to null LP-surgeries
2017
We study a theory of finite type invariants for null-homologous knots in rational homology 3-spheres with respect to null Lagrangian-preserving surgeries. It is an analogue in the setting of the rational homology of the Goussarov-Rozansky theory for knots in integral homology 3-spheres. We give a partial combinatorial description of the graded space associated with our theory and determine some cases when this description is complete. For null-homologous knots in rational homology 3-spheres with a trivial Alexander polynomial, we show that the Kricker lift of the Kontsevich integral and the Lescop equivariant invariant built from integrals in configuration spaces are universal finite type i…
Hybrid coincidence and common fixed point theorems in Menger probabilistic metric spaces under a strict contractive condition with an application
2014
Abstract We prove some coincidence and common fixed point theorems for two hybrid pairs of mappings in Menger spaces satisfying a strict contractive condition. An illustrative example is given to support the genuineness of our extension besides deriving some related results. Then, we establish the corresponding common fixed point theorems in metric spaces. Finally, we utilize our main result to obtain the existence of a common solution for a system of Volterra type integral equations.
The three-vertex in the closed half-string field theory and the general gluing and resmoothing theorem
1997
In this letter we prove that the half-string three-vertex in closed string field theory satisfies the general gluing and resmoothing theorem. We also demonstrate how one calculates amplitudes in the half-string approach to closed string field theory, by working out explicitly a few simple three-amplitudes.
Generalized Harnack inequality for semilinear elliptic equations
2015
Abstract This paper is concerned with semilinear equations in divergence form div ( A ( x ) D u ) = f ( u ) , where f : R → [ 0 , ∞ ) is nondecreasing. We introduce a sharp Harnack type inequality for nonnegative solutions which is a quantified version of the condition for strong maximum principle found by Vazquez and Pucci–Serrin in [30] , [24] and is closely related to the classical Keller–Osserman condition [15] , [22] for the existence of entire solutions.
TRPV1 channels in nitric oxide-mediated signalling: insight on excitatory transmission in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons
2022
Nitric oxide (NO) is a fascinating signalling molecule implicated in a plethora of biological functions, especially at the synaptic level. Exploring neurotransmission in the hippocampus could be instrumental in the individuation of putative targets for nitric-oxide mediated neuromodulation, especially in terms of the potential repercussions on fundamental processes i.e. synaptic plasticity and excitability-related phenomena. Among these targets, endovanilloid signalling constitutes an object of study since Transient Receptors Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels possess a NO-sensitive gate modulating its activation. Also, NO has been referred to as a mediator for numerous endocannabinoid effec…