Search results for "UNEMPLOYMENT"

The Macroeconomy after Tariffs

2021

Financing Unemployment Benefits: Dismissal versus Employment Taxes

2006

This paper investigates the effects of using dismissal taxes to finance unemployment benefits. We compare dismissal and employment taxes in a model with search frictions. Employment taxes give rise to externalities because firms do not take into account the effects their dismissal decisions have on others. By introducing dismissal taxes to finance unemployment insurance, these externalities can partly be internalized. Taking into account the budget of the unemployment insurance, employment taxes can be reduced by more than necessary to offset the adverse effect of dismissal taxes on the firm value. The introduction of dismissal taxes leads to higher job creation and lower unemployment, in c…

Perceptions and experiences of a sample of nontraditional students in transition from Higher Education to the Labour Market in Western Sicily.

2018

In recent years a long economic crisis has affected the occupational opportunities of young people. In Italy, unemployment among 20-34 year olds, reached percentage values as high as 40%. The purpose of this work was to investigate perceptions and expectations of a group of nontraditional students about to graduate in Western Sicily. A group of 200 nontraditional students (112F/88M) attending final year classes in four randomly selected university courses were interviewed using a 25 item questionnaire. The students selected were concerned about the post-graduation period, and all complained about the scarcity of employment opportunities in the south of Italy. Indeed, a distance remains betw…

Moving closer? Comparing regional adjustments to shocks in EMU and the United States

2020

Highlights • Interstate migration is the main adjustment channel to labor demand shocks for the US. • EMU countries adjust through changes in labor force participation and unemployment. • Price flexibility is more important as a shock absorber for EMU. • Risk-sharing mechanisms have been more effective in the US than in the EMU. • The strength of these channels has increased for EMU ad declined for the United States.

Employability Appraisal Scale (EAS): Development and Validation in a Spanish Sample

2018

Employability is an important issue in the labor context. Currently, the European Union presents employability as the path to full employment and active citizenship, and a strategy to reduce unemployment and poverty. This study develops and validates an Employability Appraisal Scale. Specifically, we propose a multidimensional employability scale that analyzes both individual indicators and personal circumstances from the Bioecological Model of Employability. The Employability Appraisal Scale (EAS) assesses personal and social dimensions of employability. It was developed and tested using data from 489 people from a very heterogeneous sample (precarious workers, professionals, prisoners, lo…

Organizational commitment and its effects on organizational citizenship behavior in a high-unemployment environment

2016

[EN] Organizational commitment is an important concept in management and a construct on which extensive research exists. This study considers the relationship of the three dimensions of organizational commitment (affective, normative, and continuance commitment) with employees' organizational citizenship behavior in a high-unemployment environment. By analyzing the effect of high unemployment on the displacement of the self-concept from individual toward relational and collective levels, this work predicts differences in the effect of unemployment on each of the organizational-commitment dimensions. The results show that in a high-unemployment environment the affective and normative dimensi…

Cost-effectiveness of a multi-professional case management experiment in Finnish labor market services

2020

The study undertook an economic evaluation of a multi-professional case man-agement intervention targeted at long-term unemployed Finns. The cost-effectiveness outcome of the intervention was analyzed in a matched case-control study framework involving a six-month follow-up. Effectiveness was measured by standardized quality of life indicators, and an indicator measuring personal capabilities. Individual level costs were derived from health and social services utilization data. Cost-effectiveness of the intervention was examined in relation to services as usual. The studied labor market intervention was associated with a positive change in the selected quality of life indicators; physical a…

Mid-career work patterns and physical and mental functioning at age 60-64: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort.

2016

Background: Previous studies of the associations between unemployment and health have primarily focused on mental health and long-term associations have not often been explored. This study investigated if discontinuous employment in mid-career was related to self-reported physical and mental functioning at age 60–64 years. Methods: Data come from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a British cohort that has been followed-up since birth in 1946. A total of 2061 study members had data available on mid-career employment patterns and physical and mental functioning assessed using the Short Form 36 questionnaire at age 60–64. Employment patterns in mid-career …

Global consensus recommendations on menopause in the workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement

2021

Introduction: Worldwide, there are 657 million women aged 45-59 and around half contribute to the labor force during their menopausal years. There is a diversity of experience of menopause in the workplace. It is shaped not only by menopausal symptoms and context but also by the workplace environment. It affects quality of life, engagement, performance, motivation and relations with employers. Aim: To provide recommendations for employers, managers, healthcare professionals and women to make the workplace environment more menopause supportive, and to improve women's wellbeing and their ability to remain in work. Materials and methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Summa…

The limits of minimum income policies : the oppurtunity to pass the social management of exclusion

1997

A la lumière de l’actuel débat théorique en faveur de l’octroi d’un revenu minimum, nous nous proposons de révéler les apports et les limites de la politique française de lutte contre l’exclusion du Revenu Minimum d’insertion. Après avoir mis en évidence la nécessité de dépassement de l’actuelle pratique d’assistance et montré la nécessité sociétale d’évoluer vers un mode renouvelé de partage du revenu et du travail dans la société, nous montrons que cette « utopie progressiste » bute sur un obstacle économique perceptible dans la carence des possibilités de financement du partage du temps de travail. L’origine de cette carence est à rechercher dans la spoliation d’une partie du revenu glob…