Search results for "UNEMPLOYMENT"
showing 10 items of 312 documents
Work careers in adults separated temporarily from their parents in childhood during World War II.
2019
Introduction: Traumatic experiences, such as separation from parents in childhood causing early life stress (ELS) may increase the risk of adverse long-term health outcomes and biological age-related changes. This may have an impact on work career. Our aim was to examine long term consequences of ELS due to temporary separation from parents during World War II (WWII) in relation to work career. - Material and methods: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study comprises 13,345 individuals born in Helsinki, Finland, between the years 1934–1944. From the original cohort, 1781 individuals were identified as being separated temporarily from their parents due to World War II. Information on date and type o…
Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low-income and middle-income countries: A community-based cross-sectional study
2018
Objective Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA) in older people with depression, many do not comply with the International PA guidelines. Thus, we investigated what factors influence PA participation among 915 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with depression in 6 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. The sample was restricted to those with DSM-IV depression or receiving depression treatment in the last 12 months. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were dichotomized into low (ie, not meeting 150 mi…
Associations Between Childhood Learning Disabilities and Adult-Age Mental Health Problems, Lack of Education, and Unemployment.
2019
We studied the impact of diverse subtypes of learning disabilities (LD) on adult-age mental health, education, and employment by comparing the LD group ( n = 430) with a matched control group without a known history of LD ( n = 2,149). The clinical archived data were merged with lifelong register data on sickness allowances/disability pensions granted on the basis of psychiatric illnesses, reimbursements for psychoactive medication, having a degree after compulsory education, and having received unemployment allowances. Differences emerged between the LD and control groups in all outcomes, suggesting that a higher proportion of individuals with LD had mental health problems compared to the…
Motivations, Beliefs, and Expectations of Spanish Nurses Planning Migration for Economic Reasons: A Cross‐Sectional, Web‐Based Survey
2018
Purpose Migration of nurses is not a new or recent event. During the past few decades, nursing migration flows have been a constant trend worldwide. The main objective of this study was to explore the motivations, beliefs, and expectations that Spanish nurses had when considering migration to another country in the near future. Design Cross-sectional, Internet survey of Spanish nurses planning migration for professional reasons. Methods Ad hoc, web-based questionnaire following the Nurses Early Exit Study guidelines. Findings One hundred seventy-two nurses responded. Fifty percent of the participants intended to emigrate in the following 6 months and had chosen the United Kingdom as their d…
Antisocial and human capital pathways to socioeconomic exclusion: A 42-year prospective study.
2017
Nordic welfare states have been very successful at reducing poverty and inequality among their citizens. However, the presence of a strong social safety net in these countries has not solved the problem of socioeconomic exclusion, manifesting in such outcomes as chronic unemployment and welfare dependency. In an effort to understand this phenomenon, the current study builds on the assumption that psychological risk factors emerge as important determinants of socioeconomic disadvantage in an environment where ascribed characteristics have less impact on educational and occupational attainment. Using data from Finland, this research examined a life course model linking childhood differences i…
Mortality of Children Under Five and Prevalence of Newborn Congenital Anomalies in Relation to Macroeconomic and Socioeconomic Factors in Latvia
2012
Background. Mortality of infants and children younger than 5 years is a globally recognized and broad national welfare indicator. Scientific literature has data on the correlation of mortality indicators with macroeconomic indicators. It is important to study the associations between prevalence and mortality indicators and socioeconomic factors, since deaths from congenital anomalies account for approximately 25%–30% of all deaths in infancy. The aim of the study was to analyze the overall trend in mortality of infants and young children aged 0 to 4 years in relation to macroeconomic factors in Latvia and prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in relation to socioeconomic factors. M…
Supply and Use of Human Capital in the Spanish Regions
2009
Besides enrichment at personal level entailed by the increase in the cognitive and intellectual levels of the person associated with education, a large number of studies have verified the greater the human capital of a person, the greater is his employability, his participation in the labour market, his functional and geographical mobility and, thereby, his productivity. This results in higher wages and less likelihood of unemployment for individuals with more schooling. From the social point of view, the accumulation of resources associated to higher educational attainment levels permits societies to make sustained progress towards higher levels of welfare. It makes possible to adapt to gl…
Coping with Growth and Emigration: Latvian Labor Market Before and After EU Accession
2007
In 2002-2005, Latvian labor market has witnessed dramatic changes related both to unprecedented economic growth and to a massive outflow of labor force after EU enlargement in May 2004. This study, based on micro-level analysis of Latvian Labor Force surveys 2002-2005, provides a detailed analysis of these changes, with a particular focus on developments which are likely to improve living standards of formerly disadvantaged segments of population. The findings suggest that emerging shortage of labor has led to strong wage growth and reduction of unemployment. The author documents increased employment rates and improvements in labor market position of ethnic minorities, elderly, fixed-term w…
Employment Protection Reform and Unemployment Inequality in a Matching Model (Reforme De La Protection De L'Emploi Et Inegalites Face Au Chomage Dans…
2007
This paper studies the impact of an unemployment protection legislation reform - a substitution between an experience rated tax and firing costs - on the level and structure of unemployment by skills. In this purpose, we consider a matching model which incorporates endogenous reservation products for job creation and job destruction, labor demand derives from a free entry condition and the tax rate aimed at financing unemployment benefits results from a balanced budget constraint. In this setting, it is shown that the introduction of the experience rated tax may improve the performance of the labor marekt; the drawbacks of such a reform depend on the degree of substitution between tradition…
Does Promoting Homeownership Always Damage Labour Market Performances?
2018
In this paper we analyse the link between homeownership and various aggregate and individual labour market outcomes. Our aim is to investigate the likely consequences of public policies that promote homeownership. To this end, we develop a circular firm-worker matching model with Nash-bargained wage setting and free market entry. Homeowners are assumed to be less mobile than tenants and to bear higher mobility costs. Our numerical exercises show that tenants usually have lower unemployment rates and lower wage rates than homeowners. Importantly, workersʼ performances do not necessarily improve following an increase in the proportion of homeowners. The latter crucially depends on the relativ…