Search results for "UNEMPLOYMENT"
showing 10 items of 312 documents
Child personality characteristics and selection into long-term unemployment in Finnish and Swedish longitudinal samples
2003
The main aim of the present study was to test a model of selection into long-term unemployment obtained for a sample of 36-year-old Finns (Kokko, Pulkkinen, & Puustinen, 2000) to see whether it similarly explained long-term unemployment among 26- to 27-year-old Finns and Swedes. The participants were drawn from two ongoing longitudinal studies: the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (conducted in Finland) and the Individual Development and Adaptation study (conducted in Sweden). At both ages, that is 36 and 26–27, low education was related to long-term unemployment, and explained by personality characteristics in middle childhood, such as low self-contro…
Job insecurity in Finland: Antecedents and consequences
1994
Abstract Trends towards more unpredictable and flexible labour markets are often presumed to fuel feelings of job insecurity among employees, especially the threat of losing one's job. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of job insecurity in a representative sample of Finnish wage and salary earners (N = 3503) gathered in 1990. One out of ten respondents felt the threat of lay-off, dismissal, or unemployment. According to hierarchical regression analysis, perceived job insecurity was best explained by positional factors, especially earlier unemployment experiences and the temporary nature of the employment relationship. The role of demographic f…
Jauniešu ar zemu izglītību iekļaušanās darba tirgū Latvijā
2013
Anotācija Promocijas darba nosaukums: Jauniešu ar zemu izglītību iekļaušanās darba tirgū Latvijā Promocijas darba autors: Mg.soc. Mareks Niklass Promocijas darba vadītājs: prof. Dr.soc. Aivars Tabuns Promocijas darba mērķis ir noskaidrot faktorus, kuri kavē vai veicina jauniešu ar zemu izglītību iekļaušanos darba tirgū Latvijā, kā arī pārbaudīt Herberta Saimona ierobežotās racionalitātes teorijas, Ulriha Beka riska sabiedrības teorijas un Marka Granovettera vājo saišu teoriju validitāti. Darbā autors izvirza šādu hipotēzi: jaunieši ar zemu izglītību racionālu apsvērumu vadīti nokļūst labklājības slazdā, kas liedz viņiem iespēju iegūt darba pieredzi un kontaktus, kā arī ierobežo viņu karjera…
The shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries: France, Spain and Greece. A MIMIC approach
2007
This paper offers estimations of the evolution of the shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries, namely France, Spain and Greece. A multiple indicators and multiple causes model based on the latent variable structural theory has been applied. As established by Giles (Working paper on monitoring the health of the tax system, 1995), filtered data to solve the non-stationary problems are used. The model includes the tax burden (both as a whole and disaggregated into direct taxes, indirect taxes and social security contributions), a proxy of regulation burden, theu nemployment rate and self-employment as causes of the shadow economy and the GDP growth rate, the labour force participation …
Testing for hysteresis in unemployment in OECD countries. New evidence using stationarity panel tests with breaks†
2006
This paper tests hysteresis effects in unemployment using panel data for 19 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries covering the period 1956–2001. The tests exploit the cross-sectional variations of the series, and additionally, allow for a different number of endogenous breakpoints in the unemployment series. The critical values are simulated based on our specific panel sizes and time periods. The findings stress the importance of accounting for exogenous shocks in the series and support the natural-rate hypothesis of unemployment for the majority of the countries analysed.
A spatial analysis of Italian unemployment differences
2008
Using spatial econometric models, this paper focuses attention on the spatial structure of provincial unemployment disparities of Italian provinces for the year 2003. On the basis of findings from the economic literature and of the available socio-economic data, various model specifications including supply- and demand-side variables are tested. Further we use ESDA analysis as equivalent to integration analysis on time series; therefore it is applied on each variable, dependent and independent, involved in the statistical model. The suggestions of ESDA lead us to the most adequate statistical model, which estimates indicate that there is a significant degree of neighbouring effect (i.e. pos…
The Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms: The Role of Macroeconomic Conditions and Policies
2018
The paper estimates the dynamic macroeconomic effects of labor and product market reforms on output, employment and productivity, and explores how these vary with prevailing macroeconomic conditions and policies. We apply a local projection method to a new dataset of major country- and country-sector-level reform shocks in various areas of labor market institutions and product market regulation covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. Product market reforms are found to raise productivity and output, but gains materialize only slowly. The impact of labor market reforms is primarily on employment, but it varies across types of reforms and depends on overall business cycle c…
Latvia: Both Sides of the Economic Recovery Success Story
2016
Latvian social policy is close to the neoliberal model of the welfare state based on macroeconomic indicators of low welfare state spending, high income inequality, low minimum wage and low degree of decommodification. Latvia was among the first countries to be stung by the crisis in 2008. Key words became: austerity, fiscal consolidation and structural adjustment measures. A minimum social safety network was introduced to improve targeted social support. Funding from the European Social Fund was instrumental in mitigating unemployment, facilitating a large temporary works programme. Latvia joined the Euro zone in 2014 and is quite successfully returning loans. Such is one side of the succe…
Continuous Professional Training and the Situation of Labour Market in Romania
2013
Abstract This study is part of a wider research carried out in recent years, in North-East Moldova – important socio-economic region of Romania – ancient Romanian culture and civilization hearth. It addresses issues of human capital development in the context of sustainable development of the City Suceava and Botosani. This study addresses the issue of human resource development, focusing on continuous training and employment. It is known that the development is based on the human resource, so there must be local responsabilities in terms of skilled labour and increase the adaptability of environamental changes. The results obtained from the research will reflect some of the practical steps…
From the economic to the social contribution of the Social Economy. Monetary assessment of the social value created for the Spanish economy
2020
The role of the Social Economy (SE) in society is increasingly acknowledged by social agents and institutions, especially in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Commitment to SE requires the support of quantitative measurement of its contribution to society from an aggregate perspective. The difficulty in specifying it in quantitative terms is related to the assessment of the contribution of SE?s differentiating and intrinsic values. These values contribute to the fight against some structural problems that persist in modern society in terms of unemployment, inequality, territorial imbalance, environmental problems and social exclusion that surpass the economic spher…