Search results for "UV camera"

UV camera measurement at a dormant volcano

2010

The UV camera is now becoming a new important tool in the armory of volcano geochemists for high rate SO2 flux measurements. The high spatial resolution of the camera is particularly useful for exploring multiple-source SO2 gas emissions, as the large composite fumarolic systems topping most quiescent volcanoes. We report here on the first SO2 flux measurements from individual fumaroles of the fumarolic field of La Fossa crater (Vulcano island, Aeolian island), which we performed using a UV camera in two field campaigns on November 12, 2009 and February 4, 2010. Making advantage of the high temporal and spatial resolution of the UV camera, we derived ~0.5 Hz SO2 flux time-series for the mai…

Vulcamera: a program for measuring volcanic SO2 with UV cameras

2011

UV Cameras for volcanic monitoring

2011

This work, following the field setup of Kantzas et al (2010), with the addition of a single point DOAS telescope, investigated the range of data available utilizing a two camera, dual filter setup and demonstrated its value for future use in the study of degassing volcanic systems.

Conduit dynamics and post explosion degassing on Stromboli: A combined UV camera and numerical modeling treatment

2016

Recent gas flux measurements have shown that Strombolian explosions are often followed by periods of elevated flux, or “gas codas,” with durations of order a minute. Here we present UV camera data from 200 events recorded at Stromboli volcano to constrain the nature of these codas for the first time, providing estimates for combined explosion plus coda SO2 masses of ≈18–225 kg. Numerical simulations of gas slug ascent show that substantial proportions of the initial gas mass can be distributed into a train of “daughter bubbles” released from the base of the slug, which we suggest, generate the codas, on bursting at the surface. This process could also cause transitioning of slugs into cap b…

Unrest at the Nevados de Chillán volcanic complex: a failed or yet to unfold magmatic eruption?

2018

Resuming erupting activity at volcanoes that have been long quiescent poses a significant challenge to hazard assessment, as it require assessment of whether the change in activity is an isolated event or the beginning of a new eruptive sequence. Such inception is often poorly characterised as quiescent volcanoes tend to be poorly equipped and not extensively monitored, especially with respect to gas geochemistry. Here, we report gas composition and flux measurements from a newly opened vent at the very onset of eruptive activity at the Nevados de Chillán volcanic complex (Chile) in January-February 2016. The molar proportions of H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2 gases are found to be 98.4, 0.97, 0…

Passive vs. active degassing modes at an open-vent volcano (Stromboli, Italy)

2012

Abstract We report here on a UV-camera based field experiment performed on Stromboli volcano during 7 days in 2010 and 2011, aimed at obtaining the very first simultaneous assessment of all the different forms (passive and active) of SO 2 release from an open-vent volcano. Using the unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of the UV camera, we obtained a 0.8 Hz record of the total SO 2 flux from Stromboli over a timeframe of ∼14 h, which ranged between 0.4 and 1.9 kg s −1 around a mean value of 0.7 kg s −1 and we concurrently derived SO 2 masses for more than 130 Strombolian explosions and 50 gas puffs. From this, we show erupted SO 2 masses have a variability of up to one order of mag…

A novel and inexpensive method for measuring volcanic plume water fluxes at high temporal resolution

2017

© 2017 by the authors.Water vapour (H2O) is the dominant species in volcanic gas plumes. Therefore,measurements of H2O fluxes could provide valuable constraints on subsurface degassing and magmatic processes. However, due to the large and variable concentration of this species in the background atmosphere, little attention has been devoted to monitoring the emission rates of this species from volcanoes. Instead, the focus has been placed on remote measurements of SO2, which is present in far lower abundances in plumes, and therefore provides poorer single flux proxies for overall degassing conditions. Here, we present a new technique for the measurement of H2O emissions at degassing volcano…

New Techniques for real-time volcanic gas measurements: the UV camera

2012

In this study, I take advantage of a novel technique - the UV camera - to image SO2 emissions from the Italian volcanoes with improved high temporal resolution. Here, this technique has been updated to a new configuration (dual-camera system), which combines higher temporal resolution (0.5-1.2 Hz) and improved accuracy relative to the single-camera setup. The methodology has been extensively tested and improved, whilst developing a user-friendly control software (Vulcamera) and a calibration technique (in tandem DOAS-SO2 quartz cells calibration), which simplify instrument deployment, acquisition and data analysis. A first application was focused on SO2 gas flux measurements at individual fuma…