Search results for "Unconscious"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Implicit learning shapes new conscious percepts and representations
1997
We present here the lineaments of a new account of implicit learning, an account that does not rely on the notion of “implicit knowledge.” In this account, improved performance depends on the action of unconscious mechanisms that structure the phenomenal, conscious experience of the world. This integrative view makes groundless the search for dissociations between conscious and unconscious influences that has been at the core of the research on implicit learning and memory. We contrast this view, on the one hand, to Dienes and Berry’s (1997) proposal, which defines implicit learning by analogy with subliminal perception, and, on the other, to Neal and Hesketh’s (1997) episodic account, in w…
The Uses of the Imagination in Moral Neuroeducation
2019
In contrast to influential theories that focus on top-down, deliberative reasoning, triune ethics theory seeks to gather findings from neurobiology, affective neuroscience, and cognitive science and integrate them into a bottom-up theory that focuses on that motivational orientations that are rooted in experientially formed, evolved, unconscious emotional systems. Triune ethics theory identifies three basic attractors for moral functioning based on brain evolution: safety, engagement and imagination. It proposes an integrative ethical education model based on the notion of a moral imagination, which can enhance moral development. It integrates, on the one hand, John Dewey’s theory of moral …
Psychische Struktur, intrapsychische Konflikte und Abwehrstile in der Adoleszenz
2020
Associations Between Personality Structure, Unconscious Conflicts, and Defense Styles in Adolescence According to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence, associations between personality structure, unconscious conflicts, and defense styles are postulated. So far, an empirical investigation of these associations in mentally healthy adolescents is missing. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of unconscious conflicts as well as the unconscious defense of conflicts by elucidating intrapersonal factors within a normative sample. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which sex, age, and socioeconomic status are relat…
The Difficulty of Change: The Impact of Personal School Experience and Teacher Education on the Work of Beginning Language Teachers
2009
This case‐study investigates the impact of personal school experience and initial teacher education on the work of six beginning language teachers. Insights into the thinking and acting of the subjects are gained through an interpretative analysis of their interviews. The findings indicate that one’s own school experience has an important role in constructing practical knowledge during the first years of teaching. Part of this experience is unconscious and difficult to express in words; nevertheless, it has an impact on the actions of the beginning language teacher. Furthermore, the ability of the teachers in the study to use knowledge learned during the teacher education is dependent on th…
Promoting Awareness about Psychological Consequences of Living in a Community Oppressed by the Mafia: A Group-Analytic Intervention
2017
The effects of the Mafia have been extensively studied from sociological, economic, and historical points of view. However, little research has investigated the influence of the Mafia on individuals and communities in terms of its psychological and social impact. In order to contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the psychological effects of the Mafia on individuals and communities and to promote a participative process of social change, a group analytic intervention was conducted within a Community Based Participatory Research carried out in Corleone, a small Sicilian town with a historically recognized role in the evolution of the Mafia, as well as in the fight against its …
The Role of Second-language Learning in diagnosing Students Gaps of Knowledge. Towards a symptomatic Use of Interdisciplinarity
2012
Abstract This discussion-paper aims to present a concrete, albeit untested, hypothesis regarding how second-language learning lessons could prove useful in diagnosing essential signs of confusion, misunderstanding, or of any other kind of cognitive blunder which affects the scientific knowledge of late primary-education students (aged 10-12). In opposition to the somewhat rigid means of evaluation normally employed in content-oriented subjects, such as History, Biology, etc. —exams, tests and written assignments, carried out, as a rule, in the children‘s native language—, this discussion-paper defends that the accuracy of the student's knowledge may also, though not only, be evaluated by pa…
Early Modern Theories
2013
The notion of consciousness was used by early modern philosophers in various ways. In dualist ontologies, the nature of thought was often characterised with the help of consciousness: while matter was understood as extended in space, thought was taken to be that which is accompanied by consciousness. Whether the mind always thinks and whether mental activity in its entirety is conscious were among the questions which addressed the relation between thought and consciousness. The possibility of unconscious thought was generally overlooked. For example, Locke rejected the Cartesian tenet that we always think by appealing to particular phenomena which suggest that we do not always think, such a…
Unconscious odour conditioning 25 years later: Revisiting and extending ‘Kirk-Smith, Van Toller and Dodd’
2009
International audience; The pioneering work by Kirk-Smith, Van Toller, and Dodd [Kirk-Smith, M. D., Van Toller, C., & Dodd, G. H. (1983). Unconscious odour conditioning in human subjects. Biological Psychology, 17, 221–231], established that an unnoticed odorant paired with an emotionally meaningful task can influence mood and attitudes when the odorant alone is re-encountered subsequently. This study was particularly important in highlighting unconscious odour learning processes as they may happen in everyday life. However, it was severely criticized by Black and Smith [Black, S. L., & Smith, D. G. (1994). Has odor conditioning been demonstrated? A critique of “Unconscious odour conditioni…
A Brief Comparison of the Unconscious as Seen by Jung and Lévi-Strauss
2015
Retracing the primary common aspects between anthropological and psychoanalytic thought, in this article, we will further discuss the main common points between the notions of the unconscious according to Carl Gustav Jung and Claude Levi-Strauss, taking into account the thought of Erich Neumann. On the basis of very simple elementary logic considerations centered around the basic notion of the separation of opposites, our observations might be useful for speculations on the possible origins of rational thought and hence on the origins of consciousness.
On Jung and Lévi-Strauss unconscious: A brief comparison
2013
Retracing the main common aspects between the anthropological thought and the psychoanalytic one, in this paper we will further discuss about the main common points between the notions of unconscious according to Carl Gustav Jung and Claude Lévi-Strauss, taking into account the Erich Neumann thought. On the basis of very simple elementary logic considerations centered around the basic notion of separation of opposites, what will be said might turn out to be useful for some speculations upon possible origins of the rational thought, hence for the origins of consciousness.