Search results for "Union"
showing 10 items of 2069 documents
Ethics appraisal procedure in 79,670 Marie Skłodowska-Curie proposals from the entire European HORIZON 2020 research and innovation program (2014–202…
2021
Introduction Horizon 2020 was the most significant EU Research and Innovation programme ever implemented and included the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA). Proposals submitted to the MSCA actions awere subject to the Ethics Appraisal Procedure. In this work we explored the ethics appraisal procedure in MSCA H2020. Methods Using a retrospective analysis of pooled anonymized data, we explored the ethics appraisal procedure on proposals submitted to Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) during the entire Horizon 2020 program period (N = 79,670). Results Our results showed that one of the most frequently identified ethics categories was Data protection. We also detected slight differences…
Hydraulic kinetics of the graft union in different Olea europaea L. scion/rootstock combinations
2007
The hydraulic resistance of young olive trees grafted on rootstocks with contrasting size-controlling potential was measured 30, 90, 360 and 480 days after grafting. Olive (Olea europaea L.) clones inducing plant vigorous growth (Leccino ‘Minerva’, LM) or dwarfing (Leccino ‘Dwarf’, LD) were studied in different scion/rootstock combinations (LD/LD, LD/LM, LM/LD, LM/LM). Plants growing on LD root systems developed lower leaf surface areas (about 50% less) than plants grafted on LM rootstocks. Graft union represented the largest fraction (up to 85%) of whole-plant hydraulic resistance 30 days after grafting, and still represented an important fraction of it 2 months later (40–55%). Four-hundre…
Sanctions for Legal Entities in South American and European Systems of Corporate Criminal Liability
2021
The present analysis of sanctions for cases of liability of legal entities for crimes (corporate criminal liability) adopts a two-fold comparative perspective. First, it focuses on the sanctions provided by the laws of those legal systems, in South America, which introduced such liability, especially in the last two decades after the United Nations’ treaties on organized crime and corruption. Then, it continues with a parallel overview of sanctioning choices in those Member States of the European Union which opted for such liability. The analysis highlights similar and different approaches both in the two contexts and within each of them. Overall, a process of “weak harmonization” of sancti…
European Collective Mark
2014
Previous chapters of Part II dealt with the protection of IGOs at the EU level, i.e. IGOs as unitary rights, through the direct protection system. However, protection of IGOs at the EU level may be ensured not only through the direct protection system, but also through trade mark protection system, namely, through protection as a Community collective mark. That protection is ensured by the Codifying Community Trade Mark Regulation, namely Title VIII containing Arts. 66–74 (previously—Arts. 64–72 of the Community Trade Mark Regulation). From the point of view of the territorial scope, Community collective mark differs from national collective marks of EU Member States. Generally trade mark l…
Developing the RIAM method (rapid impact assessment matrix) in the context of impact significance assessment
2010
Abstract In this paper the applicability of the RIAM method (rapid impact assessment matrix) is evaluated in the context of impact significance assessment. The methodological issues considered in the study are: 1) to test the possibilities of enlarging the scoring system used in the method, and 2) to compare the significance classifications of RIAM and unaided decision-making to estimate the consistency between these methods. The data used consisted of projects for which funding had been applied for via the European Union's Regional Development Trust in the area of Central Finland. Cases were evaluated with respect to their environmental, social and economic impacts using an assessment pane…
Detection and identification of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni from symptomless plant material: results of an Italian test performance study
2015
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, is a regulated quarantine pathogen in the European Union, listed as an A2 pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Because detection and identification of this pathogen is key for its management and to ensure the production of pest free propagation material, it should be based on reliable tests, in particular when dealing with symptomless material. The current EPPO diagnostic Standard (PM 7/64) does not provide specific molecular methods for detection of this pest. The present paper summarizes the results of a test-performance study (TPS) to validate, at a nation…
¿Qué sabe el alumnado de secundaria sobre la Unión Europea? Implicaciones para el aprendizaje
2017
El desarrollo de la Dimensión Europea en la Educación es un objetivo vinculado a la construcción de la identidad europea y al ejercicio de una ciudadanía activa crítica y responsable. El artículo analiza el conocimiento de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria sobre la Unión Europea. En el estudio participaron 705 alumnos de cinco centros de educación secundaria obligatoria de cuatro comunidades autónomas españolas. Se diseñó una prueba de veinticuatro ítems sobre: a) las instituciones europeas, b) la historia de la cooperación europea, c) la ciudadanía Europea, d) Europa en la vida cotidiana, e) la identidad social y cultural, y f) derechos humanos y responsabilidades. Los re…
Regional Asymmetric Reactions to Shocks in EMU: an Assessment of Different Approaches
2002
In recent years there has been an increasing research effort in estimating regional asymmetric shocks and assessing their importance within the European Monetary Union (EMU). In this chapter we offer an evaluation of the different approaches by distinguishing them according to methodological underpinnings, variables used and pitfalls and potential extensions of the analysis. The structure of this contribution is the following. In section 2 we discuss the relative importance of asymmetric shocks and the main problems connected with their measurement. In section 3 we focus on the explanatory variables which are assumed to determine the asymmetric reaction to shocks and distinguish between sec…
Assessment of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Vocational Training Students: Development of a New Scale and Relationships With Self-Efficacy and Person…
2019
Having emerged as an important concept in the organizational field, entrepreneurial orientation has also become a key idea in the context of education. Indeed, entrepreneurial education is now one of the common objectives for education and training systems in the European Union. Despite its importance, however, there is a scarcity of valid and reliable measures for assessing entrepreneurial orientation in students. The present study aimed to address this by developing and examining the psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale (EOS). A second objective is to study the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and gender, self-efficacy, and personal initiative.…
Mapping Economic Activity in the European Union: Do Ownership, Industry and Location Matter?
2020
The paper proposes a new method for analysing the structure and dynamics of economic activity undertaken by locally owned and foreign-owned companies within the European Union. We employ an unsupervised learning algorithm that generates a neural network depicted on Kohonen maps and offering a clustering of companies with a different ownership (local and foreign) from various industries and countries of the European Union during 2009–2016. The research methodology, based on a self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm, belongs to a class of neural networks trained to organize data so that unknown patterns may be discovered, thus leading to results that cannot be attained by more traditional cluster…