Search results for "Union"
showing 10 items of 2069 documents
Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of an institutional catering service: An Italian case study
2019
Food production is recognised as one of the major drivers for global environmental pressure. In the last years, changes in consumption models result in an increasing population consuming food out of home that pose the catering service sector at the centre of the European Union policies aimed at improving the environmental sustainability of the food sector. In this framework, better technical knowledge on the environmental impacts of catering service is essential in order to identify potential actions towards a more sustainable food sector. This article presents an environmental assessment of a school catering service operating in Italy and delivering approximately 2,518,128 meals per year. …
ISO 14470:2011 and EU legislative background on food irradiation technology: The Italian attitude
2014
Our work aim is to produce an overview of food irradiation technology at European Union level, with a focus on the Italian context, by specifying the legislative background, detection methods and labelling obligations. We highlight how consumers are too often misinformed about this technology and its benefits. For this purpose, a series of tools aimed at improving the amount of information have been proposed, allowing the consumer to make a free choice about whether or not to buy irradiated food based on the correct information received, independent from socio-economic factors. Finally, we show the common effort at EU and International level, represented by the ISO 14470:2011 quality standa…
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food safety.
2010
Abstract The use of powerful mass spectrometric detectors in combination with liquid chromatography has played a vital role to solve many problems related to food safety. Since this technique is especially well suited for, but not restricted to the analysis of food contaminants within the food safety area, this review is focused on providing an insight into this field. The basic legislation in different parts of the world is discussed with a focus on the situation within the European Union (EU) and why it favors the use of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Main attention in this review is on the achievements that have been possible because of the latest advances and novelties…
Experimental assessment of changes in bone fragment position using infraread diodes on saw bone models with a hexapod fixator
2021
Background: The purpose of this study was an experimental assessment of changes in bone fragment position in patients with non-union of the tibia treated with a hexapod fixator. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the use of hexapod fixators leads to differences between the planned and actual position of bone fragments. Methods: The study was conducted in physical models of the hexapod fixator–bone fragment system. Bone fragment displacement was measured using the Optotrak Certus Motion Capture System. We assessed differences between the planned and actual position of bone fragments. Results: Assessment of bone fragment compression demonstrated a difference between the target and actual correc…
The Protection of the Right of Freedom on the European Union Level: The European Arrest Warrant and Non-custodial Pre Trial Measures. The Guideline o…
2012
“Protection of fundamental rights in particular must be central to the operation of the system:” this formula, found at the heart of the most recent official assessment of the EAW (2011), perfectly summarizes, in terms of political policy, the progressive shift of emphasis from efficiency and security towards the primacy of the protection of individual rights across the entire field of EU measures restricting individual liberty. The experience gained in terms of the principle of proportionality thus becomes a basic paradigm for the interpretation of the system in terms of applied law. The three levels through which the filter of proportionality has operated in the system of the EAW (multile…
Incitación al terrorismo y libertad de expresión: el marco internacional de una relación problemática
2014
La Resolución 1624 (2005) del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas no define la incitación al terrorismo. Sí lo hace, por el contrario, el Convenio núm. 196 del Consejo de Europa de 2005 que caracteriza la provocación pública al terrorismo incluyendo deliberadamente la incitación indirecta, exigiendo una intencionalidad específica y un resultado de peligro de comisión de un delito terrorista. El Informe explicativo del Convenio remite a la jurisprudencia del TEDH para establecer los elementos a considerar en la apreciación de dicho peligro haciendo así de ella un parámetro interpretativo. La Decisión Marco del Consejo de la Unión Europea ha adoptado desde 2008 la misma definición que…
La derechización del mundo / 5
2007
Las recientes reformas europeas en materia de libertad sindical y negociación colectiva: ¿Tiene algo que decir el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humano…
2019
In June 2012, the European Union (EU) disbursed 41.3 billion Euros to the Spanish government to cover the banking liquidity needs. This "rescue" not only involved reforms related to the regulation of the financial sector. They also brought the labor reforms of 2010-2012. Such reforms involved a radical change in the model of Union Law in our country, and were originated in the context of a UE procedure for excessive deficit. Within the framework of this procedure, Spain had to address the reform of the labor relations system. Law 3/2012, of July 6, of urgent measures for the reform of the labor market, complied with the conditions imposed by the European Council to that effect. The internat…
OS ECJ-TF 3/2015 on the Decision of the European Court of Justice in C.G. Sopora (Case C-512/13), on 'Horizontal Discrimination'
2015
This article deals with the decision taken by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Sopora (Case C-512/13), which was decided by the Grand Chamber of the ECJ on 24 February 2015. It concerns the question of whether a specific requirement to obtain a tax advantage for foreign (incoming) workers violates the freedom of movement of workers (Art. 45 TFEU). This case prominently raises the issue of a differentiation not between nationals and non-nationals (i.e., "vertical discrimination"), but rather between different non-nationals (i.e., "horizontal discrimination") in the context of the taxation of payments of deemed employment expenses ("extraterritorial costs"). By clearly accepting …
Media effects on policy preferences toward free movement: evidence from five EU member states
2020
In a time when freedom of movement is being challenged by an increasing number of European Union member states, and where immigration has been dominating public debate for years, this study investi...