Search results for "Unity"

Tribolium castaneum Apolipophorin-III acts as an immune response protein against Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba toxic activity

2013

In this study, a 2.1-fold Apolipophorin-III mRNA up-regulation was found in Tribolium castaneum larvae challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba spore-crystal mixture. Knockdown of Apolipophorin-III by RNAi resulted in increased T. castaneum larvae susceptibility following Cry3Ba spore-crystal treatment, demonstrating Apolipophorin-III involvement in insect defense against B. thuringiensis. We showed that Apolipophorin-III participates in T. castaneum immune response to B. thuringiensis activating the prophenoloxidase cascade since: (i) phenoloxidase activity significantly increased after Cry3Ba spore-crystal treatment compared to untreated or Cry1Ac spore-crystal treated larvae and (ii…

Preclinical immunomodulation by the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in early life

2016

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the maturation of the intestinal and circulating immune system during suckling. In order to achieve this purpose, neonatal Lewis rats were supplemented with the probiotic strain from the 6th to the 18th day of life. The animals were weighed during the study, and faecal samples were obtained and evaluated daily. On day 19, rats were euthanized and intestinal wash samples, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, splenocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were obtained. The probiotic supplementation in early life did not modify the growth curve and did not enhance the systemic immu…

A trans-acting locus regulates an anti-viral expression network and type 1 diabetes risk

2010

Combined analyses of gene networks and DNA sequence variation can provide new insights into the aetiology of common diseases that may not be apparent from genome-wide association studies alone. Recent advances in rat genomics are facilitating systems-genetics approaches. Here we report the use of integrated genome-wide approaches across seven rat tissues to identify gene networks and the loci underlying their regulation. We defined an interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-driven inflammatory network (IDIN) enriched for viral response genes, which represents a molecular biomarker for macrophages and which was regulated in multiple tissues by a locus on rat chromosome 15q25. We show that Epst…

IL-10 signaling in dendritic cells attenuates anti- Leishmania major immunity without affecting protective memory responses

2015

Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

2010

Th1 CD4(+) T cells and their derived cytokines are crucial for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using multiparametic flow cytometry, we have evaluated the distribution of seven distinct functional states (IFN-gamma/IL-2/TNF-alpha triple expressors, IFN-gamma/IL-2, IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha/IL-2 double expressors or IFN-gamma, IL-2 or TNF-alpha single expressors) of CD4(+) T cells in individuals with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB). We found that triple expressors, while detectable in 85-90%TB patients, were only present in 10-15% of LTBI subjects. On the contrary, LTBI subjects had significantly higher (12- to 15-fold) proportions of…

Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome.

2007

Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) are characterized by persistent and severe pain after trauma or surgery. Neuro-immune alterations are assumed to play a pathophysiological role. Here we set out to investigate whether patients with CRPS have altered systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles compared to controls on mRNA and protein level. We studied blood cytokine mRNA and protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF beta 1) in 40 prospectively recruited patients with CRPS I, two patients with CRPS II, and 34 controls…

Clostridium difficile toxins A and B inhibit human immune response in vitro

1988

Two Clostridium difficile toxins isolated from strain VPI 10463 were tested for their effect on different human T-cell proliferation systems. In mitogen- and antigen-driven T-cell proliferation systems, toxins inhibited the proliferative response in a dose-dependent fashion. In interleukin-2-driven culture systems, no effect of toxins could be found on preactivated T cells. We suspected that monocytes were the influenced cells, since in antigen- and mitogen-driven systems monocytes were necessary for the proliferative response, whereas the interleukin-2-driven system was independent of monocytes. To prove this concept, purified monocytes were treated with toxins. The treatment was found to …

Data mining-based statistical analysis of biological data uncovers hidden significance: clustering Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients based on the resp…

2014

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis includes autoimmunity involving thyroid antigens, autoantibodies, and possibly cytokines. It is unclear what role plays Hsp60, but our recent data indicate that it may contribute to pathogenesis as an autoantigen. Its role in the induction of cytokine production, pro- or anti-inflammatory, was not elucidated, except that we found that peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) from patients or from healthy controls did not respond with cytokine production upon stimulation by Hsp60 in vitro with patterns that would differentiate patients from controls with statistical significance. This "negative” outcome appeared when the data were pooled and ana…

Rotavirus 2/6 virus-like particles administered intranasally in mice, with or without the mucosal adjuvants cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-l…

2001

ABSTRACTWe investigated the rotavirus-specific lymphocyte responses induced by intranasal immunization of adult BALB/c mice with rotavirus 2/6 virus-like particles (2/6-VLPs) of the bovine RF strain, by assessing the profile of cytokines produced after in vitro restimulation and serum and fecal antibody responses. The cytokines produced by splenic cells were first evaluated. Intranasal immunization with 50 μg of 2/6-VLPs induced a high serum antibody response, including immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a, a weak fecal antibody response, and a mixed Th1/Th2-like profile of cytokines characterized by gamma interferon and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production and very low levels of IL-2, IL-4, and…

IL-2, IL-3, and IFN-gamma differently affect in vivo frequencies of circulating precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL-p)

1993

Experimental animal and human in vivo studies have previously demonstrated the impact of exogenous administration of various cytokines on frequencies of circulating myeloid and LAK precursor cells. For the first time we investigated whether exogenous cytokines, in the absence of antigenic challenge, may also influence frequencies of circulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor cells. We further asked whether triggering of autoimmune pathways as has been reported for several cytokines can be confirmed on the cellular level by demonstration of induction of autoreactive CTL-p. Limiting dilution analysis was used to determine alloreactive CTL-p frequencies in 31 patients with n…