Search results for "Unity"
showing 10 items of 3852 documents
Prevalence of diphtheria toxin antibodies in human sera from a cross-section of the Italian population.
1999
Abstract A polycentric study was carried out between 1993 and 1995 in order to evaluate diphtheria immunity on a representative sample of population from different areas of Italy. To determine diphtheria antitoxin, sera from 5187 apparently healthy subjects, divided according to sex and age groups, were titrated using an ELISA indirect method. A basic protective titre of diphtheria antitoxin (>0.01 IU ml −1 ) was found in 4080 (78.6%) subjects. No statistically significant differences between males and females were observed. Our findings show that the proportion of susceptibles increases with age and a high proportion of adults no longer has diphtheria antitoxin at protective levels since t…
Effect of cytomegalovirus-induced immune response, self antigen-induced immune response, and microbial translocation on chronic immune activation in …
2013
International audience; We evaluated the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced immune responses, autoimmune-induced immune responses, and microbial translocation on immune activation in 191 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients from the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. All enrolled subjects had achieved long-term virological suppression during receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+) expression was 16.8% among CD8(+) T cells. Independent of age, CD4(+) T-cell count, 16S ribosomal DNA load, and regulatory T-cell count, positive results of Quantiferon CMV analysis (P = .02), positive results of CMV-pp65 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot analysis (P = …
Estimated intake levels for Finnish children of methylmercury from fish
2013
Abstract Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxic agent, and consumption of contaminated fish is the principal environmental source of MeHg exposure in humans. Children are more susceptible to adverse effects than adults. No previous specific data exist for intake by Finnish children of methylmercury from fish. We estimated fish consumption and MeHg intakes from species most commonly consumed by Finnish children aged 1–6 years. The total mercury concentrations were determined in fish species consumed, and age-specific methylmercury intakes were derived. We also examined safety margins and the proportion of children exceeding the tolerable daily intakes set by international expert bod…
Horizontal transmission of streptococcus mutans in schoolchildren
2011
Objetive: The aim of this study was to analyze possible horizontal transmission patterns of S. mutans among 6-7-yr-old schoolchildren from the same class, identifying genotypes and their diversity and relationship with caries disease status. Study Design: Caries indexes and saliva mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts were recorded in 42 schoolchildren. Mutans streptococci colonies were identified by means of biochemical tests and all S. mutans strains were genotyped by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. A child was considered free of S. mutans when it could not be isolated in 3 samples at 1-week intervals. Results: S. mutans was isolated in 30 schoolchildren: 20 having one…
Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with adenylate deaminase from Penicillium lanoso-viride.
2000
The effect of intramuscularly administered immunomodulator, adenylate deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.6), from Penicillium lanoso-viride on the clinical score of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, was examined by inoculation of guinea pigs with rabbit brain and spinal cord homogenate (encephalitogen) and complete Freund's adjuvant. Adenylate deaminase (ADA) was effective in delaying the onset of clinical disease. ADA inhibited the severity of EAE. There was a significant decrease in clinical signs. A decrease in the number of morbid and dead animals was observed. Of ADA treated animals, 50-80% developed no clinical manifestations of EAE. The o…
Socioeconomic position, immune function, and its physiological markers
2021
Abstract The development of costly traits such as immune function and secondary sexual traits is constrained by resource availability. The quality of developmental conditions and the availability of resources in ontogeny may therefore influence immune system functions and other biological traits. We analyzed causal pathways between family socioeconomic position, strength of immune response, and five physiological biomarkers in young Latvian men (n = 93) using structural equation modeling. Men from wealthier families had higher testosterone levels (rs = 0.280), stronger immune response (rs = 0.551), and higher facial attractiveness (rs = 0.300). There were weak, non-significant correlations …
Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD8 T-Cells in Patients with Active Tuberculosis and in Individuals with Latent Infection
2009
CD8 T-cells contribute to control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but little is known about the quality of the CD8 T-cell response in subjects with latent infection and in patients with active tuberculosis disease. CD8 T-cells recognizing epitopes from 6 different proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected by tetramer staining. Intracellular cytokines staining for specific production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 was performed, complemented by phenotyping of memory markers on antigen-specific CD8 T-cells. The ex-vivo frequencies of tetramer-specific CD8 T-cells in tuberculous patients before therapy were lower than in subjects with latent infection, but increased at four months a…
Kinetics of the reactive cell clones after immunosuppression and induction of tolerance: (1) Inhibition of 19 S and 7 S plaque-forming cells in the p…
1975
The kinetics of the reactive cell clones after primary and secondary immunization with SRBC1) modified by cyclophosphamide and a newly synthesized cyclophosphamide analogue 036.5122 (Asta), have been studied. After primary immunization, both substances caused a severe and dose dependent depletion of 19 S PFC2). The 7 S PFC in the late primary response were only slightly inhibited by cyclophosphamide in low dose ranges, indicating, that sensitization could not be prevented by this substance. In contrast, 0.36.5122 was fully able to suppress 7 S PFC. Thus, treatment with 0.36.5122 after primary immunization can fully prevent the expression of the specific response. Experiments dealing with in…
Personal goals and changes in life-space mobility among older people
2015
Abstract Objective Life-space mobility – the spatial extent of mobility in daily life – is associated with quality of life and physical functioning but may also be influenced by future orientation expressed in personal goals. The aim of this study was to explore how different personal goals predict changes in older people's life-space mobility. Methods This prospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up included 824 community-dwelling people aged 75 to 90 years from the municipalities of Jyvaskyla and Muurame in Central Finland. As part of the Life-Space Mobility in Old Age study (LISPE), which was conducted between 2012 and 2014, the participants responded to the Life-Space Assessment an…
Differences in Weight Status and Energy-Balance Related Behaviors among Schoolchildren across Europe: The ENERGY-Project
2012
Published version of an article published in the journal: PLoS ONE. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034742 Background: Current data on the prevalence of overweight and energy-balance behaviors among European children is necessary to inform overweight prevention interventions. Methodology/Principal Findings: A school-based survey among 10–12 year old children was conducted in seven European countries using a standardized protocol. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured; Engagement in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviors, and sleep duration were self-reported. Descriptive analyses were conducted, looking at differences…