Search results for "Unity"
showing 10 items of 3852 documents
sj-zip-1-smm-10.1177_0962280220941159 - Supplemental material for Nonlinear parametric quantile models
2020
Supplemental material, sj-zip-1-smm-10.1177_0962280220941159 for Nonlinear parametric quantile models by Matteo Bottai and Giovanna Cilluffo in Statistical Methods in Medical Research
Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow-water CO2 gradient
2015
Ocean acidification causes biodiversity loss, alters ecosystems, and may impact food security, as shells of small organisms dissolve easily in corrosive waters. There is a suggestion that photosynthetic organisms could mitigate ocean acidification on a local scale, through seagrass protection or seaweed cultivation, as net ecosystem organic production raises the saturation state of calcium carbonate making seawater less corrosive. Here, we used a natural gradient in calcium carbonate saturation, caused by shallow-water CO2 seeps in the Mediterranean Sea, to assess whether seaweed that is resistant to acidification (Padina pavonica) could prevent adverse effects of acidification on epiphytic…
Data from: Inbreeding-related trade-offs in stress-resistance in the ant Formica exsecta
2014
Inbred individuals and populations are predicted to suffer from inbreeding depression, especially in times of stress. Under natural conditions, organisms are exposed to more than one stressor at any one time, highlighting the importance of stress resistance traits. We studied how inbreeding- and immunity-related traits are correlated under different dietary conditions in the ant Formica exsecta. Its natural diet varies in the amount and nature of plant secondary compounds and the level of free radicals, all of which require detoxification to maintain organismal homeostasis. We found that inbreeding decreased general antibacterial activity under dietary stress, suggesting inbreeding-related …
Seawater carbonate chemistry and composition of intertidal and subtidal communities
2018
Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion concentrations to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34° N). This study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of surface seawater pCO2 (280–320 µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We provide the first assessment of ocean acidification effects at a biogeo…
Data from: Survival after pathogen exposure in group-living insects: don’t forget the stress of social isolation!
2016
A major cost of group-living is its inherent risk of pathogen infection. To limit this risk, many group-living animals have developed the capability to prophylactically boost their immune system in the presence of group members and/or to mount collective defenses against pathogens. These two phenomena, called density dependent prophylaxis and social immunity, respectively, are often used to explain why, in group-living species, individuals survive better in groups than in isolation. However, this survival difference may also reflect an alternative and often overlooked process: a cost of social isolation on individuals’ capability to fight against infections. Here, we disentangled the effect…
Mannheimer Innovationspanel (MIP), Scientific-Use-Files der Jahre 1993-2014
2018
Das ZEW erhebt seit 1993 jährlich Daten zum Innovationsverhalten der deutschen Wirtschaft. Die Innovationserhebung deckt die Bereiche Bergbau, verarbeitendes Gewerbe, Energie, Baugewerbe, unternehmensnahe Dienstleistungen und distributive Dienstleistungen ab. Sie ist für Deutschland repräsentativ und ermöglicht Hochrechnung für die deutsche Wirtschaft insgesamt sowie für einzelne Branchengruppen. Es wird im Auftrag des BMBF und in Kooperation mit infas und dem Fraunhofer-ISI durchgeführt. Das MIP ist gleichzeitig der deutsche Beitrag zu den Community Innovation Surveys (CIS) der Europäischen Kommission. Die jährliche Innovationserhebung ist als Panelbefragung konzipiert. Dabei werden jedes …
Seawater carbonate chemistry and biogenic habitat shifts under long-term ocean acidification
2023
Experiments have shown that increasing dissolved CO2 concentrations (i.e. Ocean Acidification, OA) in marine ecosystems may act as nutrient for primary producers (e.g. fleshy algae) or a stressor for calcifying species (e.g., coralline algae, corals, molluscs). For the first time, rapid habitat dominance shifts and altered competitive replacement from a reef-forming to a non-reef-forming biogenic habitat were documented over one-year exposure to low pH/high CO2 through a transplant experiment off Vulcano Island CO2 seeps (NE Sicily, Italy). Ocean acidification decreased vermetid reefs complexity via a reduction in the reef-building species density, boosted canopy macroalgae and led to chang…
Data from: Surrounding pathogens shape maternal egg care but not egg production in the European earwig
2017
Pathogens are ubiquitous in nature and typically entail major fitness costs in their hosts. These costs can be particularly important when individuals exhibit poor immune defenses, as it is often the case during early developmental stages. Hence, selection should favor parental strategies limiting the risks of pathogen exposure and infection in their offspring. In this study, we investigated 1) whether females of the European earwig Forficula auricularia avoid areas contaminated with spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum prior to and at egg laying, as well as 2) whether spore presence entails an increase in females’ investment into both pre-hatching forms of care and cl…
SMM900901 Supplemental material - Supplemental material for On powerful exact nonrandomized tests for the Poisson two-sample setting
2020
Supplemental material, SMM900901 Supplemental material for On powerful exact nonrandomized tests for the Poisson two-sample setting by Stefan Wellek in Statistical Methods in Medical Research
Decline in Coccolithophore Diversity and Impact on Coccolith Morphogenesis Along a Natural CO2 Gradient
2014
A natural pH gradient caused by marine CO2 seeps off Vulcano Island (Italy) was used to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, which are abundant planktonic unicellular calcifiers. Such seeps are used as natural laboratories to study the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, since they cause long-term changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and pH, exposing the organisms to elevated CO2 concentrations and therefore mimicking future scenarios. Previous work at CO2 seeps has focused exclusively on benthic organisms. Here we show progressive depletion of 27 coccolithophore species, in terms of cell concentrations and diversity, along a calcite saturation …