Search results for "Up-Regulation"
showing 10 items of 455 documents
An integrated humoral and cellular response is elicited in pancreatic cancer by alpha-enolase, a novel pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-associated an…
2009
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a very poor 5-year survival rate. alpha-Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that also acts as a surface plasminogen receptor. We find that it is overexpressed in PDAC and present on the cell surface of PDAC cell lines. The clinical correlation of its expression with tumor status has been reported for lung and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously demonstrated that sera from PDAC patients contain IgG autoantibodies to alpha-enolase. The present work was intended to assess the ability of alpha-enolase to induce antigen-specific T cell responses. We show that alpha-enolase-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) specifically stimulate healt…
Different integrins mediate cell spreading, haptotaxis and lateral migration of HaCaT keratinocytes on fibronectin
2000
Collaborative role of various fibronectin-binding integrins (alpha5beta1, alphavbeta1 and alphavbeta6) as mediators of cell adhesion and migration on fibronectin was studied using cultured HaCaT keratinocytes. This cell line spontaneously expressed all three fibronectin-binding integrins. In addition, the expression of alphavbeta6 integrin was strongly and specifically upregulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) whereas the amount of other integrins remained practically unchanged on the cell surface. Adhesion, spreading and motility of HaCaT keratinocytes on fibronectin were promoted by TGFbeta1. Based on antibody blocking experiments, both untreated and TGFbeta1-treated HaCa…
The Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK Signaling Pathway Coupled to Integrin Expression Mediates Cholinergic Regulation of Keratinocyte Directional Migration
2005
The physiologic mechanisms that determine directionality of lateral migration are a subject of intense research. Galvanotropism in a direct current (DC) electric field represents a natural model of cell re-orientation toward the direction of future migration. Keratinocyte migration is regulated through both the nicotinic and muscarinic classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. We sought to identify the signaling pathway mediating the cholinergic regulation of chemotaxis and galvanotropism. The pharmacologic and molecular modifiers of the Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK signaling pathway altered both chemotaxis toward choline and galvanotropism toward the cathode in a similar way, indicating that the sam…
The Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Upregulated in Mouse Skin Repair and in Response to Epidermal Growth Factor in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes
2004
Expression of nNOS mRNA was found in normal human and mouse skin tissue. Upon wounding, we observed a rapid downregulation of nNOS mRNA and protein in wounds of mice; however, when repair continued, nNOS mRNA was strongly upregulated and nNOS protein expression peaked at late stages of healing. Immunohistochemistry revealed wound keratinocytes as the cellular source of nNOS. In line with the in vivo situation, we found a basal expression of nNOS in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. A marked stimulation of nNOS expression in the cells was achieved with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), heparin-binding EGF, transforming growth factor-…
Cutaneous RANK-RANKL Signaling Upregulates CD8-Mediated Antiviral Immunity during Herpes simplex Virus Infection by Preventing Virus-Induced Langerha…
2015
Herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) causes the majority of cutaneous viral infections. Viral infections are controlled by the immune system, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) have been shown to be crucial during the clearance of HSV-1 infections. Although epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first dendritic cells (DCs) to come into contact with the virus, it has been shown that the processing of viral antigens and the differentiation of antiviral CTLs are mediated by migratory CD103+ dermal DCs and CD8 alpha(+) lymph node resident DCs. In vivo regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are implicated in the regulation of antiviral immunity and we have shown that signaling via the receptor activ…
Maturation of epidermal Langerhans cells: increased expression of beta- and gamma-actin isoforms as a basis of specialized cell functions.
1999
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) represent immature dendritic cells. During in vitro culture in the presence of keratinocytes they mature into potent immunostimulatory cells for naive T cells. This process is thought to simulate in vivo maturation of LC following activation by antigen contact. Maturation of LC is accompanied by morphological alterations. Applying a differential screening procedure we isolated differentially expressed cDNAs involved in the maturation events including cDNAs of the cytoskeletal actin isoforms beta- and gamma-actin. Stronger signals with hybridization probes derived from cultured LC compared with probes derived from freshly isolated LC indicate upregulation of a…
Expression of angiogenic regulators, VEGF and leptin, is regulated by the EGF/PI3K/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
2009
Both leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are growth and angiogenic cytokines that are upregulated in different types of cancer and have been implicated in neoplastic progression. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which leptin and VEGF expression are regulated in colon cancer by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In colon cancer cell line HT-29, EGF induced the binding of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) to STAT3 consensus motifs within the VEGF and leptin promoters and stimulated leptin and VEGF mRNA and protein synthesis. All these EGF effects were significantly blocked when HT-29 cells were treated with an inhibitor of the phosphoinositide…
Bisphenol-A impairs insulin action and up-regulates inflammatory pathways in human subcutaneous adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells.
2013
Current evidence indicates that chemical pollutants may interfere with the homeostatic control of nutrient metabolism, thereby contributing to the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a lipophilic compound contained in plastic which is considered a candidate for impairing energy and glucose metabolism. We have investigated the impact of low doses of BPA on adipocyte metabolic functions. Human adipocytes derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with BPA, in order to evaluate the effect on glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion. Treatment with 1 nM BPA significantly inhibited insulin-stimulate…
Beneficial effects of heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation in the development of experimental inflammation induced by zymosan.
2003
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is part of the integrated response to oxidative stress. This enzyme may exert anti-inflammatory effects in some animal models, although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. We have examined the role of HO-1 in the inflammatory response induced by zymosan in the mouse air pouch. Zymosan administration induced HO-1 protein expression in leukocytes migrating to exudates, with maximal levels in the late phase of this response (24-48 h). This was accompanied by ferritin induction and bilirubin accumulation, indicating that this enzyme is active in our model. HO-1 expression by zymosan treatment was partly reduced by aminoguanidine, suggesting the participation…
Comparative analyses of co-evolving host-parasite associations reveal unique gene expression patterns underlying slavemaker raiding and host defensiv…
2017
Abstract The transition to parasitism is a drastic shift in lifestyle, involving rapid changes in gene structure, function, and expression. After the establishment of antagonistic relationships, parasites and hosts co-evolve through reciprocal adaptations, often resulting in evolutionary arms-races. Repeated evolution of social parasitism and slavery among Temnothorax ants allows us to examine those gene expression patterns that characterize slavemaker raiding and reciprocal host defensive phenotypes. Previous behavioural studies have established that raiding strategies between Temnothorax slavemakers diverge, while host defense portfolios shift similarly under parasite pressure. We are the…