Search results for "Up-Regulation"
showing 10 items of 455 documents
Repeated muscle biopsies through a single skin incision do not elicit muscle signaling, but IL-6 mRNA and STAT3 phosphorylation increase in injured m…
2011
To determine if muscle biopsies can be repeated using a single small (5–6 mm) skin incision without inducing immediate MAPK activation or inflammation in the noninjured areas, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38-MAPK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), IκBα, IKKα, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was examined concurrent with IL-6 mRNA in six muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis of five men. Four biopsies were obtained through the same incision (5–6 mm) from the right leg (taken at 0, 30, 123, and 126 min) and another two each from new incisions performed in the left leg (at 31 and 120 min), while the subjects rested supine. The first three biopsie…
NF-κB protects Behçet's disease T cells against CD95-induced apoptosis up-regulating antiapoptotic proteins
2005
Objective To determine whether prolongation of the inflammatory reaction in patients with Behcet's disease (BD) is related to apoptosis resistance and is associated with the up-regulation of antiapoptotic factors. Methods The percentage of cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 35 patients with BD and 30 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of antiapoptotic factors and NF-κB regulatory proteins were measured using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. To down-regulate NF-κB nuclear translocation, BD T lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to thalidomide and subjected to transfection with NF-κB small interfering RNA. Results Althou…
sE-cadherin is upregulated in serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma and promotes tumor cell dissemination in vitro
2019
Abstract Introduction Cadherin family proteins are involved in the tumorigenesis of several malignancies. However, their significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been extensively investigated. The current study investigates the potential of several cadherins to perform as biomarkers for tumor detection and exert functional RCC activity. Methods Pre- and postoperative concentrations of sE-cadherin, cadherin-6, N-cadherin, cadherin-11, cadherin-17, and cadherin-5 were measured in serum of patients undergoing surgery for RCC and correlated to clinical and histopathological parameters. Control serum was obtained from healthy volunteers. A498 and Caki-1 cells were incubated with sE-cad…
Association of chemokines IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11 with insulin resistance and enhance leukocyte endothelial arrest in obesity
2021
Abstract Background and aims Obesity is a key contributing factor to incidental type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. CXCR3 receptor and its ligands CXCL 10 and 11 are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to analyse the role of the CXCR3 ligands on insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction in human obesity. Methods and results We have studied 45 obese patients (mean age 44 ± 6 years, body mass index 45 ± 9 kg/m2) who were selected for Roux-Y-gastric bypass surgery and 21 non obese control subjects with similar age and gender distribution. We measured by ELISA the circulating levels of the CXCR3 ligands interferon-γ inducible pr…
Elevated serum levels of IGF-binding protein 2 in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer: correlation with tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein a…
2008
Background/aimsAlterations of the IGF system have been described in several different types of cancer. However, no information is available about the role of the IGF system in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer.MethodsFree IGF-I, IGF-II, acid-labile subunit, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1–4 were analyzed by specific RIAs in 32 patients with untreated non-seminomas and compared with IGFBP levels of 38 healthy controls. Serum IGFBPs were analyzed by western ligand blotting (WLB) and immunoblotting. In 16 patients, IGFBP profiles were measured before, during, and after treatment.ResultsIn patients with testicular cancer, IGF-II levels were on average 1.44-fold higher than in …
Urinary adiponectin excretion rises with increasing albuminuria in type 1 diabetes
2013
Urinary adiponectin (u-adiponectin) excretion has been suggested to reflect early glomerular damage. Inspired by this, we studied the levels of u-adiponectin in type 1 diabetic patients with different levels of urinary albumin excretion (UAE).U-adiponectin was analysed by ELISA in type 1 diabetic patients: Fifty-eight with normoalbuminuria (30mg albumin/24h), 43 with persistent microalbuminuria (30-300mg/24h) and 44 with persistent macroalbuminuria (300mg/24h). For comparison, a control group of 55 healthy individuals was included.U-adiponectin increased with increasing levels of UAE (p0.01). U-adiponectin median (interquartile range): Normoalbuminuria 0.38 (0.14-1.31), microalbuminuria 1.1…
Association of MR-proadrenomedullin with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease.
2012
Abstract Aims and background Midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is a protein, which exerts various effects on the cardiovascular system. Recent studies underscored its prognostic implications in patients with acute dyspnea and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of MR-proADM in the general population and to reveal potential associations of MR-proADM with cardiovascular risk factors and measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Methods and results MR-proADM plasma concentrations were determined in individuals of the population-based cohort of the Gutenberg Health Study ( N = 5000) using a commercially available fluoroimmunoassay. Individua…
Vulnerability to psychotogenic effects of ketamine is associated with elevated D2/3-receptor availability.
2012
Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies employing competition paradigms have shown either no change or substantial declines in striatal ( 11 C)-raclopride binding after challenge with psychotogenic doses of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine. We sought to probe the relationship between the severity of ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms and altered dopamine D2/3 receptor availability throughout brain using the high affinity ligand ( 18 F)-fallypride (FP). PET recordings were obtained in a group of 10 healthy, young male volunteers, in a placebo condition, and in the course of an infusion with ketamine at a psychotomimetic dose. Administration of the Positive and Negati…
Limb Ischemic Conditioning Induces Oxidative Stress Followed by a Correlated Increase of HIF-1α in Healthy Volunteers.
2019
Background Local and remote ischemic preconditioning has been used as a protective intervention against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, its physiological mechanisms are not completely known. I/R increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which also serve as messengers for a variety of functions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is probably the most important transcription factor mediator of hypoxic signaling. Objective We hypothesized that limb ischemic conditioning (LIC) induces a local oxidative/nitrosative stress and a correlated increase of HIF-1α plasma levels. Methods An observational, prospective, and single-c…
Induction of the cytokine TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 in ischemic stroke.
2008
Stroke outcome is determined by delayed neuronal cell death and edema formation. TWEAK, a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and its membrane receptor Fn14 promote ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis and leakage of the blood-brain barrier. Both TWEAK and Fn14 are upregulated in experimental stroke models. In this study, we investigated whether TWEAK and Fn14 are upregulated in stroke patients. We measured serum concentrations of TWEAK in stroke patients and matched control subjects by ELISA. Expression of Fn14 in the brain was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TWEAK serum concentrations were elevated in stroke patients. In autopsy samples, we found elevated mRNA levels o…