Search results for "Urbanization"

Synergies in Design and Health. The role of architects and urban health planners in tackling key contemporary public health challenges

2020

Background and aim: Important public health improvements have been achieved over the past decades, but new challenges are emerging and progress cannot be taken for granted. Urban settlements host most of the global population, but they are also sources of several threats. The aim of the paper is to investigate the role of architects and planners in contributing to overcome these critical health challenges and propose strategic actions for collaboration with the public health workforce. Methods: Taking global trends and public health challenges as starting point, a scoping literature review has been conducted to illustrate the possible synergies that architecture and public health workforce …

Cumulative social disadvantage and psychosis: findings from a southern Italy case-control study

2016

Aim: There are consistent evidence suggesting that psychotic disorders are associated to social disadvantage and isolation in adulthood, and research suggested that they these are not simply a consequence of the functional impairment related to onset of the disease (Stilo et al., 2013; Morgan et al., 2008). To date only a few studies have investigated the impact of social risk factors on psychosis in Italy. This study aimed to replicate existing findings in a case-control sample from Southern Italy. Methods: 134 individuals presenting for the first time to mental health services of Palermo (Italy) with an ICD 10 diagnosis of psychosis and 175 population controls from Palermo (Italy) were en…

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

2022

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-18 Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied am…

The Influence of the Cross-Border Infrastructure Corridor on the Development of Medium-Sized Upper Silesian Cities on the Example of Bohumm and Jastr…

2018

The southern part of the A1 motorway (D1 in Czech designation) is a functioning infrastructure corridor connecting the Czech and Polish parts of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration, which is significant for the development of medium-sized cities in this region. This article is a continuation of research that was conducted in 2013. A research on Czech Bohumin and Polish Jastrzębie Zdrój was repeated with regard to the developmental aspects of these two medium-sized cities in the context of the functioning A1 motorway. The changes that have taken place in recent years in the spatial structure of the mentioned cities have been analysed. Research and analyses were conducted using ArcGIS software o…

Lähtö- ja tulomuuttoa kaupungistuvassa Suomessa

2016

IEA EBC Annex83 Positive Energy Districts

2021

At a global level, the need for energy efficiency and an increased share of renewable energy sources is evident, as is the crucial role of cities due to the rapid urbanization rate. As a consequence of this, the research work related to Positive Energy Districts (PED) has accelerated in recent years. A common shared definition, as well as technological approaches or methodological issues related to PEDs are still unclear in this development and a global scientific discussion is needed. The International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (IEA EBC) Annex 83 is the main platform for this international scientific debate and research. This paper describes the challeng…

Les villes sahariennes algériennes et le développement urbain durable, ville réelle et ville normative

2005

The Algerian Sahara’s urbanization constitutes today an essential data to apprehend the complex spatial dynamics which animate it. In less than fifty years, the Sahara has massively urbanize, upsetting urban morphologies as well as the practices and socio-space relations of the city’s populations. This exceptional population’s increase had for corollary the appearance of multiform tensions on urban spaces. The central question of the evolutions of these urban entities, located in fragile and constraining spaces, arises today with force. The principles of the policies of regional planning, based on the concept of sustainability, bring certain brief replies for the future of these Saharan cit…

L’habitat durable sans l’habiter ? Fabrique de la densité en Bourgogne

2017

In 2009 and 2010, in order to combat the urban sprawl, the Grenelle Environment sets out urban density as a public policy issue. This notion builds on a modus operandi of an urbanization regime that includes both the environmental and the participatory dimensions in its approach. This injunction of sustainability is there implemented through a range of standards, rules and procedures, while the stakeholders in urbanism strive to arrange the experience of inhabiting. But how does this apparatus take the test of reality into account? Based on a qualitative research carried out from 2012 to 2015 on urban planning projects intended to increase density in urban and suburban areas in Burgundy, th…

Antropogeeninen ympäristönmuutos ja luonnonvaraisten eläinten urbanisoituminen

2012

Ihmisväestön kasvu valtaa jatkuvasti lisää pinta-alaa luonnontilaisilta alueilta. Ympäristön muuttuminen urbaanimmaksi vähentää luonnonvaraisten eläinten elintilaa merkittävästi, ja eläinten yhdeksi vaihtoehdoksi tarjoutuu uusien elinalueiden etsiminen urbaanista ympäristöstä. Osa eläimistä kykeneekin sopeutumaan urbaaneihin ekosysteemeihin. Urbaanissa elinympäristössä, kuten luonnossakin, on toisinaan tyhjiä ekolokeroita ja näiden ekolokeroiden täyttäminen sekä urbaanien alueiden kolonisoiminen on erityisesti pienille ja runsaslukuisille linnuille ja nisäkkäille mahdollista. Kaupunkiekosysteemit rajoittavat migraatiota eniten ravinnon ja sopivan elintilan suhteen ja siksi on melko tavanoma…

L’emergenza del fenomeno urbano nell’Europa continentale della seconda età del Ferro: Bibracte e gli oppida celtici.

2020

Fin dagli inizi del ventesimo secolo, il processo di urbanizzazione nell’Europa transalpina della seconda età del Ferro è stato associato alla comparsa tardiva, alla fine del II secolo a.C., dei cosiddetti oppida, centri fortificati il cui carattere urbano è stato riconosciuto grazie agli scavi di siti di riferimento come l’oppidum di Bibracte, nell’attuale Borgogna. L’esponenziale aumento delle ricerche archeologiche su scala europea degli ultimi decenni, tuttavia, incita a riesaminare la questione alla luce di un fenomeno urbano più articolato di quanto ritenuto finora, che trova le sue radici già nel III secolo a.C. Depuis le début du xxe siècle, le processus d’urbanisation dans l’Europe…