Search results for "VARIATION"

Values and subjective well-being

2018

Research on relations of personal values to subjective well-being has begun to flourish only recently. This is surprising because our values represent what we consider important and worth pursuing in life, and our subjective well-being (henceforth SWB) represents how happy and satisfied we are with the life we are leading. This chapter summarizes what we know about value—SWB relations and identifies some of what we do not know but would like to know. We first discuss the nature of values and the structured system they form. We then note three theoretical perspectives on relations of values to SWB (Sagiv & Schwartz, 2000; Sagiv, Roccas & Hazan, 2004). The first perspective seeks to explain d…

Distinct bhaplotype structure at the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 across bank vole populations and lineages in Europe

2015

Abstract: Parasite-mediated selection may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation at host immune genes over long time scales. To date, the best evidence for the long-term maintenance of immunogenetic variation in natural populations comes from studies on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, whereas evidence for such processes from other immune genes remains scarce. In the present study, we show that, despite pronounced population differentiation and the occurrence of numerous private alleles within populations, the innate immune gene Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) displays a distinct haplotype structure in 21 bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations across Europe. Haplo…

Physical Activity Levels in Preschool Children During Winter and Summer

2019

Source at https://fysioterapeuten.no/Tidsskrifter. Bakgrunn: Studier nasjonalt og internasjonalt indikerer at barn i alderen tre til fem år ikke oppnår retningslinjene for anbefalingene (2014) om minimum 60 minutter med moderat til høy fysisk aktivitet (MVPA) per dag. Studiens hovedmål var å undersøke fysisk aktivitetsnivå hos barnehagebarn i tre barnehager i alderen tre til fem år i en periode om vinteren og en periode om våren/sommeren. Metode: Fysisk aktivitet ble målt i barnehagetiden fra mandag til onsdag med aktivitetsmåleren Actigraph GT3X. Aktivitetsnivået ble kategorisert ut fra antall akselerometer- tellinger/min, hvor hovedvariabelen var tid i moderat til høy fysisk aktivitet (MV…

Temporal Evolution of Scour downstream bed sills

2007

Empirical estimation of maximum scour depth downstream bed sills

2009

A quantitative assessment of intraspecific morphological variation in Gahagan bifaces from the southern Caddo area and central Texas

2019

This investigation aggregates intact or reconstructed Gahagan bifaces from the southern Caddo area and central Texas to test the hypothesis that Gahagan biface morphology differs between the regions. The Gahagan bifaces (n = 102) were scanned, then analysed using a novel landmarking protocol and the tools of geometric morphometrics. Results provide a preview of the significant differences in Gahagan biface morphology expressed between the southern Caddo area and central Texas regions. The size discrepancy represents an inversion of current theoretical constructs that posit a decrease in tool size thought to articulate with an increase in distance from the raw material source. It is posited …

A simulation function approach for best proximity point and variational inequality problems

2017

We study sufficient conditions for existence of solutions to the global optimization problem min(x is an element of A) d(x, fx), where A, B are nonempty subsets of a metric space (X, d) and f : A -> B belongs to the class of proximal simulative contraction mappings. Our results unify, improve and generalize various comparable results in the existing literature on this topic. As an application of the obtained theorems, we give some solvability theorems of a variational inequality problem.

Cryptic microgeographic variation in responses of larval Atlantic cod to warmer temperatures

2021

AbstractAlthough temperature is known to drive species dynamics and distributions, our understanding of the extent to which thermal plasticity varies within species is poor. Differences in plasticity can arise through local adaptation to heterogeneous environments, hybridization, and the release of cryptic genetic variation in novel environments. Here, wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from contrasting environments inside and outside of a fjord system in southern Norway spawned freely in a semi-natural laboratory environment, generating pure crosses and reciprocal hybrids. A common-garden rearing experiment of the larvae at 6°C, 9.5°C, and 13°C revealed cryptic genetic variation in thermal r…

Territorial song and song neighbourhoods in the Scarlet Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus

2000

Throughout the range of the Scarlet Rosefinch, its territorial song consists of 3–9 (usually 4–5) elements, of which there are 5 different types. The differences lie in the way the pitch of the element changes in time (frequency “slope”) and the width of the frequency band. Within a given type of song, the various elements can be present in almost any combination. Therefore, so many song types can be formed that the songs in even small parts of the species’ area are clearly distinct from one another. Despite this capacity for variation, however, by chance identical songs may be sung in widely separated parts of the area, in some cases by different subspecies. The species has not developed l…

The effect of periodic bottlenecks on the competitive ability of Drosophila pseudoobscura lines.

1993

Competition experiments between several Drosophila pseudoobscura strains that were previously subjected to periodic bottlenecks of different sizes and D. willistoni have been carried out. Contrary to previous results with these two species, where stable coexistence was detected, populations of D. pseudoobscura displaced D. willistoni in a few generations. By using a relative fitness measure, the control lines (that had not gone through bottlenecks) outcompeted D. willistoni faster than bottlenecked lines. One of these, corresponding to the minimum possible bottleneck size of one pair, also shows significantly lower relative fitness than the other strains. These results are discussed in rela…