Search results for "VIA"

The Latvian referendum on Russian as a second state language, February 2012

2016

On 18 February 2012 Latvian citizens participated in a referendum on making Russian a second official (“state”) language. The proposal was rejected by three-quarters of voters. There is a complex background to language policy in Latvia, where since regaining independence in 1991 the country has promoted Latvian as the only state language, though Russian and other languages are widely used at a societal level. The language law and associated citizenship law in Latvia (as in Estonia) have received considerable commentary, with recent significant writings disagreeing strongly regarding their interpretation. These laws have also very often been criticized by both European institutions and by Ru…

Eye Movement Analyses for Obtaining Readability Formula for Latvian Texts for Primary School

2017

To determine the difficulty of text, readability formulas can be used. The research was made to find readability formula for Latvian. Readability formulas for English were used as guidelines. The novelty was the use of eye movement tracking during reading to obtain quantitative data that lead to readability formula. Eye fixation durations were gathered during readability measurements. Average values of fixation durations were calculated to characterize texts and readers. 15 texts with various difficulty levels were composed for exposing them to readers. More than 300 children of grades 1 - 4 were participating in measurements. Average values of eye fixation durations of readers from a certa…

Digestion of bamboo compared to grass and lucerne in a small hindgut fermenting herbivore, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

2022

Bamboo is an enigmatic forage, representing a niche food for pandas and bamboo lemurs. Bamboo might not represent a suitable forage for herbivores relying on fermentative digestion, potentially due to its low fermentability. To test this hypothesis, guinea pigs (n = 36) were used as model species and fed ad libitum with one of three forages (bamboo, lucerne, or timothy grass) in a fresh or dried state, with six individuals per group, for 3 weeks. The nutrient composition and in vitro fermentation profile of bamboo displayed low fermentation potential, i.e. high lignin and silica levels together with a gas production (Hohenheim gas test) at 12 h of only 36% of that of lucerne and grass. Alth…

Repeatability of in-vitro optical quality measurements of intraocular lenses with a deflectometry technique effect of the toricity

2018

Aim To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device for measuring the Zernike coefficients of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and assess whether its toricity has any impact in its repeatability. Methods An experienced technician used the NIMO TR1504 to measure the Zernike coefficients 30 times for an aperture of 4.50 mm for all lenses included. The IOLs included were divided into two group: toric and non-toric ones. The cylindrical powers of the toric lenses included in the present study were 1.00, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 D. Finally, the repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 was described in terms of within subject standard deviation (Sw) and repeatability limit. Results The Sw was smaller …

Comparison of quantitative Holocene temperature reconstructions using multiple proxies from a northern boreal lake

2017

Four biotic proxies (plant macrofossils, pollen, chironomids and diatoms) are employed to quantitatively reconstruct variations in mean July air temperatures ( Tjul) at Lake Loitsana (northern Finland) during the Holocene. The aim is to evaluate the robustness and biases in these temperature reconstructions and to compare the timing of highest Tjul in the individual reconstructions. The reconstructed Tjul values are evaluated in relation to local-scale/site-specific processes associated with the Holocene lake development at Loitsana as these factors have been shown to significantly influence the fossil assemblages found in the Lake Loitsana sediments. While pollen-based temperatures follow…

Latvijas nacionalās valsts idejas tapšana un viņas izpausmes veidi: (1892.g.-1919.gada 18. novembrim), 2. daļa

1935

Arvovallan ja vakauden puolesta : Jugoslavian hajoaminen Ranskan parlametin keskusteluissa vuosina 1991-1995

2013

Tässä tutkimuksessa perehdytään niihin tulkintoihin, joita Ranskan parlamentissa esitettiin vuosina 1991–1995 Jugoslavian hajoamista seuranneeseen konfliktiin liittyen sekä siihen, miten tulkinnoista muodostui Ranskan sisäpoliittinen kysymys. Hallitukselle esitetyistä kysymyksistä on muodostunut tärkeä parlamentaarinen instrumentti, jonka avulla parlamentaarikoiden on mahdollista pakottaa haluamansa aiheet osaksi valtiopäivätyöskentelyä. Ensisijaisen tutkimusaineiston muodostavatkin Ranskan parlamentin istuntopöytäkirjoista löytyvät hallitukselle esitetyt kysymykset, joita täydentävät (entistä) Jugoslaviaa koskevat hallituksen tiedonannot. Aineistoa lähestytään noudattamalla Quentin Skinner…

2020

Strontium isotopes in biogenic apatite, especially enamel, are widely employed to determine provenance and track migration in palaeontology and archaeology. Body tissues record the 87Sr/86Sr of bioavailable Sr of ingested food and water. To identify non-local individuals, knowledge of the 87Sr/86Sr of a non-migratory population is required. However, varying factors such as tissue turnover rates, feeding selectivity, Sr content, digestibility of food, and the ingestion of mineral dust can influence body tissue 87Sr/86Sr. To evaluate the Sr contribution of diet and water to mammalian hard tissues 87Sr/86Sr, controlled feeding studies are necessary. Here we present 87Sr/86Sr from controlled fe…

Hronotops A. Manfeldes romānā “Vilcēni”, A. Jundzes romānā “Sarkanais dzīvsudrabs” un J. Joņeva romānā “Jelgava 94”

2022

Maģistra darba “Hronotops A. Manfeldes romānā “Vilcēni”, A. Jundzes romānā “Sarkanais dzīvsudrabs” un J. Joņeva romānā “Jelgava 94” mērķis ir raksturot un analizēt fiktīvo romānu 20. gadsimta 90. gadu laiktelpu Latvijā un citus ar to saistītus literāros hronotopus. Darba teorētiskajā daļā sniegts hronotopa teorētiskais ieskats, ieskats semiotiskajā un naratoloģijas pētniecības metodē; aplūkota hronotopa un romāna saistība; ieskats romānu recepcijā kritikā; sniegts ieskats kultūrvēsturiskajā situācijā un pilsētas laiktelpā. Pētījuma praktiskajā daļā tiek analizēts 20. gadsimta 90. gadu hronotops romānos caur naratīvu un kā tas atklājas caur dažādām semiotiskajām zīmēm pilsētvidē.

Lower ST-elevation myocardial infarction incidence during COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Europe

2020

We compared the ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) incidence during COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) to January-February 2020 and to same time period in earlier years 2017-2019 in five Nordic-Baltic tertiary centers. During 2017-2019, there were no marked differences in STEMI incidence between January, February and March. During 2020, there was an average drop of 32% in STEMI incidence in March. The isolation measures may decrease the risk for respiratory virus infection and contribute to the lower STEMI incidence and that we might benefit from firmer suggestions on hand hygiene and social distancing during flu season at least among high-risk individuals.