Search results for "VIRUS DISEASE"

showing 10 items of 1907 documents

Protein-prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector-boost vaccination overcomes tolerance in high-antigenemic HBV-transgenic mice

2015

Abstract Background Therapeutic vaccination is a novel treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B, but only had limited success so far. We hypothesized that optimized vaccination schemes have increased immunogenicity, and aimed at increasing therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine efficacy. Methods Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens was used to boost protein-prime vaccinations in wildtype and HBV-transgenic (HBVtg) mice. Results Protein-prime/MVA-boost vaccination was able to overcome HBV-specific tolerance in HBVtg mice with low and medium but not with high antigenemia. HBV-specific antibody titers, CD8+ T-cell frequencies and polyfunctionality inverse…

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes0301 basic medicineHBsAgHepatitis B vaccineImmunization SecondaryMice TransgenicVaccinia virusCD8-Positive T-Lymphocytesmedicine.disease_cause03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundAntigenNeutralization TestsImmune ToleranceAnimalsMedicineHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface AntigensGeneral VeterinaryGeneral Immunology and Microbiologybusiness.industryImmunogenicityPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthvirus diseasesHepatitis BHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseAntibodies NeutralizingHepatitis B Core AntigensVirologyMice Inbred C57BLVaccination030104 developmental biologyInfectious DiseaseschemistryImmunologyMolecular MedicineVacciniabusinessVaccine
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Reconstitution of CD8 T cells is essential for the prevention of multiple-organ cytomegalovirus histopathology after bone marrow transplantation.

1998

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the period of temporary immunodeficiency after haematoablative treatment and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with a risk of graft failure and multiple-organ CMV disease. The efficacy of immune system reconstitution is decisive for the prevention of CMV pathogenesis after BMT. Previous data in murine model systems have documented a redundancy in the immune effector mechanisms controlling CMV. CD8 T cells proved to be relevant but not irreplaceable as antiviral effectors. Specifically, in a state of long-term in vivo depletion of the CD8 T-cell subset, CD4 T cells were educed to become deputy effectors controlling CMV by a mechanism involving…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCongenital cytomegalovirus infectionCytomegalovirusGraft vs Host DiseaseCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesBiologyVirus ReplicationLymphocyte DepletionPathogenesisMiceImmune systemRisk FactorsIn vivoVirologymedicineAnimalsHumansCytotoxic T cellImmunodeficiencyBone Marrow TransplantationMice Inbred BALB CEffectorvirus diseasesmedicine.diseaseVirologyDisease Models AnimalTransplantation IsogeneicCytomegalovirus InfectionsImmunologyCD8Journal of General Virology
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Proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and hepatitis B virus clearance in chronic hepatitis with or without hepatitis B e-minus hepatitis B virus mut…

1995

To assess the significance of cell-mediated immunity, T cells were derived from the peripheral blood and liver tissue of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients and controls. The analysis of the 3H-thymidine-uptake in response to a panel of recombinant HBV antigens revealed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the 25 viremic patients with inflammatory active, chronic hepatitis B, 16 with wild-type and nine with HBe-minus HBV mutant infection, showed stronger proliferative responses to HBc and HBe antigens than 16 asymptomatic nonviremic HBsAg carriers with normal aminotransferase levels (HBc: SI 19.3 +/- 3.9 vs. 13.0 +/- 3.2 vs. 8.0 +/- 1.2; P.01 and HBe: SI 16.6 +/- 4.0 vs. …

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesHBsAgHepatitis B virusmedicine.disease_causeVirusAntigenmedicineHumansHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatologybiologybusiness.industryvirus diseasesInterferon-alphaHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationHepatitis BVirologyHepatitis B Core Antigensdigestive system diseasesHBcAgHBeAgHepadnaviridaeImmunologyChronic DiseaseMutationbusinessCell DivisionHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
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The impact of DAA-mediated HCV eradication on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte trajectories in HIV/HCV coinfected patients: Data from the ICONA Foundation …

2021

HCV infection has been hypothesized as a contributor of poor CD4+ recovery in patients living with HIV (PLWHIV). Aim of this study was to evaluate CD4+, CD8+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio trends before and after HCV treatment with direct acting agents (DAA) in PLWHIV. HIV/HCV patients enrolled in ICONA and HepaICONA cohorts with HIV-RNA≤50 copies/ml who achieved a sustained viral response after DAA treatment were studied. A linear regression model was used to investigate CD4+, CD8+ and CD4/CD8 changes 12 months before and after DAA treatment. A total of 939 HIV/HCV patients were included, 225 (24.0%) female, median age: 53 years (IQR 50–56). At DAA initiation, CD4+ T cell count was <350 cells/…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesHIV InfectionsHepacivirusCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesGastroenterologySettore MED/07chemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineCd8 t lymphocyteHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineCoinfectionCD4; CD8; DAA; HCV/HIV; immune activationHcv clearancevirus diseasesMiddle AgedHepatitis CInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureCD4-Positive T-LymphocyteCohort030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyFemaleCD4 CD8 DAA HCV/HIV immune activationHumanImmune activationmedicine.medical_specialtyHCV/HIVT cellAntiviral Agentsimmune activationNO03 medical and health sciencesVirologyInternal medicinemedicineHumansIn patientimmune activation.DAAAntiviral AgentHepaciviruHepatologybusiness.industryRibavirinCD8-Positive T-LymphocyteCD8CD4CD4 Lymphocyte CountchemistryCD4; CD8; DAA; HCV/HIV; immune activation; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; Hepacivirus; Humans; Middle Aged; Coinfection; HIV Infections; Hepatitis CbusinessCD8
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Molecular Basis for the Interaction of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen with the Surface Immunoglobulin Receptor on Naive B Cells

2001

ABSTRACTThe nucleocapsid of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is composed of 180 to 240 copies of the HBV core (HBc) protein. HBc antigen (HBcAg) capsids are extremely immunogenic and can activate naive B cells by cross-linking their surface receptors. The molecular basis for the interaction between HBcAg and naive B cells is not known. The functionality of this activation was evidenced in that low concentrations of HBcAg, but not the nonparticulate homologue HBV envelope antigen (HBeAg), could prime naive B cells to produce anti-HBc in vitro with splenocytes from HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice. The frequency of these HBcAg-binding B cells was estimated by both hybridom…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesImmunologyNaive B cellAntigen presentationMolecular Sequence DataImmunoglobulin Variable RegionMice Transgenicmedicine.disease_causeAntibodies ViralMicrobiologyMiceAntigenVirologymedicineAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceReceptors ImmunologicHepatitis B virusAntigen PresentationB-LymphocytesMice Inbred BALB Cbiologyvirus diseasesAntibodies MonoclonalVirologyMolecular biologyHepatitis B Core Antigensdigestive system diseasesPeptide FragmentsVirus-Cell InteractionsHBcAgHBeAgImmunoglobulin MImmunoglobulin MInsect Sciencebiology.proteinMice Inbred CBAImmunoglobulin Light ChainsBinding Sites AntibodyAntibodyImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsSequence Alignment
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The immunodominant CD8 T cell response to the human cytomegalovirus tegument phosphoprotein pp65(495-503) epitope critically depends on CD4 T cell he…

2011

Abstract Immunodominance hierarchies operating in immune responses to viral Ags limit the diversity of the elicited CD8 T cell responses. We evaluated in I-Ab+/A2-HHD-II and HLA-DR1+/A2-DR1 mice the HLA-A*0201–restricted, multispecific CD8 T cell responses to the human CMV tegument phosphoprotein pp65 (pp65) Ag. Vaccination of mice with pp65-encoding DNA elicited high IFN-γ+ CD8 T cell frequencies to the pp65495–503/(e6) epitope and low responses to the pp65320–328/(e3) and pp65522–530/(e8) epitopes. Abrogation of the e6-specific immunity efficiently enhanced e3- and e8-specific T cell responses by a pp65Δ501–503 DNA vaccine. The immunodominant e6-specific (but not the e3- and e8-specific) …

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesvirusesT cellImmunologyEpitopes T-LymphocyteMice TransgenicImmunodominanceBiologyCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesLymphocyte ActivationTransfectionEpitopeDNA vaccinationViral Matrix ProteinsMiceImmune systemHLA-A2 AntigenmedicineImmunology and AllergyCytotoxic T cellAnimalsHumansAntigen-presenting cellHLA-A AntigensImmunodominant EpitopesVaccinationvirus diseasesPhosphoproteinsVirologyMolecular biologymedicine.anatomical_structureHEK293 CellsPhosphoproteinJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
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Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM …

2020

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pre…

COVID-19 VaccineInfectious Disease TransmissionPerinatal DeathAbortionClinical Laboratory TechniqueMiscarriageCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineCOVID-19 TestingPregnancyRisk Factors3123 Gynaecology and paediatricsSecondary analysisPerinatal medicineAbortion SpontaneouMedicineVertical030212 general & internal medicineViralPregnancy Complications Infectiouscoronavirus; perinatal morbidity; perinatal mortality; covid-19Coronavirus; perinatal morbidity; perinatal mortality; Abortion Spontaneous; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; COVID-19 Vaccines; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cohort Studies; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant Newborn; Infant Premature; Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical; Pandemics; Pneumonia Viral; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Betacoronavirus; Fetal Death; Perinatal Deathperinatal morbidity030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicineObstetricsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInfectiousPregnancy OutcomeGestational ageObstetrics and Gynecology3. Good healthSettore MED/40perinatal mortalityGestationFemaleCoronavirus InfectionsInfant PrematureHumanmedicine.medical_specialtyCOVID-19 VaccinesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)CoronaviruPneumonia ViralSocio-culturaleGestational AgeIntrauterine deviceCoronavirus; perinatal morbidity; perinatal mortality03 medical and health sciencesBetacoronavirusPARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTIONCoronavirus perinatal morbidity perinatal mortalityHumansAdverse effectPrematurePandemicsFetal DeathPregnancyFetusBetacoronaviruPandemicCoronavirus Infectionbusiness.industryClinical Laboratory TechniquesSARS-CoV-2Risk FactorSpontaneousMORTALITYInfant NewbornAbortionCOVID-19InfantOdds ratioPneumoniamedicine.diseaseNewbornInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalAbortion SpontaneousPregnancy ComplicationsCoronavirusPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthPregnancy Complications InfectiouCohort StudiebusinessCoronavirus; perinatal mortality; perinatal morbidityJournal of perinatal medicine
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First detection of SARS-CoV-2 A.23.1 sub-lineage in migrants arriving to Italy via the Mediterranean Sea and public health implications

2021

COVID-19 Mediterranean sea Migrants Molecular surveillance NGS Phylogeny analysis Public health SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination programs2019-20 coronavirus outbreakmedicine.medical_specialtyLineage (genetic)Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Vaccination programsMigrantsArticlePhylogeny analysisMediterranean seamedicineHumansPhylogenyTransients and MigrantsPublic healthSARS-CoV-2Public healthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthCOVID-19VirologyInfectious DiseasesGeographyItalyMolecular surveillanceNGSMediterranean seaTravel Medicine and Infectious Disease
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Worsening of Preexisting Psychiatric Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020

Objectives: To ascertain factors associated with worsening of psychiatric conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This study anonymously examined 2,734 psychiatric patients worldwide for worsening of their preexisting psychiatric conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. An independent clinical investigation of 318 psychiatric patients from United States was used for verification. Results: Valid responses mainly from 12 featured countries indicated self-reported worsening of psychiatric conditions in two-thirds of the patients assessed that was through their significantly higher scores on scales for general psychological disturbance, posttraumatic stress …

COVID-19; psychiatric patients; worsening; depression; post traumatic stress disorder; general psychological disturbancemedicine.medical_specialtyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)lcsh:RC435-571media_common.quotation_subjectPsychological interventionOptimismDose adjustmentlcsh:Psychiatrygeneral psychological disturbancePandemicMedicineworseningPsychiatryDepression (differential diagnoses)media_commonOriginal ResearchPsychiatrypost traumatic stress disorderbusiness.industrypsychiatric patientsCOVID-19Posttraumatic stressPsychiatry and Mental healthFeelingdepressionbusinessFrontiers in Psychiatry
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Procalcitonin levels in plasma in oncohaematologic patients with and without bacterial infections.

2004

Abstract Background: The flogosis markers currently in use show both low sensitivity and specificity, particularly in neoplastic and degenerative diseases. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a pro-peptide of calcitonin produced mainly but not only in the C-cells of the thyroid glands and, as several studies show, PCT levels in plasma increase during infections. Bacterial infections are also the main cause of death in oncological patients. Furthermore, in patients with leukaemia in chemotherapy recovery, infections often induce relapses. The aim of the present study is to detect PCT levels in plasma in oncohaematologic patients with and without infections. Methods: The study was carried out on 54 patien…

Calcitoninmedicine.medical_specialtyLymphomamedicine.medical_treatmentCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptideClinical BiochemistryBiologyCalcitonin gene-related peptideBiochemistryGastroenterologyProcalcitoninInternal medicinemedicineHumansProtein PrecursorsChildCause of deathImmunoassayChemotherapyLeukemiaBiochemistry (medical)ThyroidGeneral MedicineBacterial Infectionsmedicine.diseaseLymphomaLeukemiamedicine.anatomical_structureCalcitoninVirus DiseasesChild PreschoolImmunologyhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsClinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry
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