Search results for "VISION"
showing 10 items of 5066 documents
Diverse societies are more productive: a lesson from ants
2012
The fitness consequences of animal personalities (also known as behavioural syndromes) have recently been studied in several solitary species. However, the adaptive significance of collective personalities in social insects and especially of behavioural variation among group members remains largely unexplored. Although intracolonial behavioural variation is an important component of division of labour, and as such a key feature for the success of societies, empirical links between behavioural variation and fitness are scarce. We investigated aggression, exploration and brood care behaviour in Temnothorax longispinosus ant colonies. We focused on two distinct aspects: intercolonial variabil…
E-Fairs: a Cyber-Physical System for Aggregation and Economy of Scale in e-Commerce
2018
In recent years, the e-commerce arena has deeply changed because of the advent of new business models and the growing weight of huge global actors like Amazon. Some business models create competition between users, and the product price tends to rise (e.g., online auctions); other models, including group-buying, make users cooperate, and the price tends to go down. The present study extends the group-buying model and proposes a cyber-physical system called e-fair, in which both sellers and buyers are grouped to negotiate on a specific product or service. E-fairs minimize the global purchase price and the shipping resources respectively with the aggregation of demand and supply as well as or…
Gene expression is stronger associated with behaviour than with age and fertility in ant workers
2018
AbstractThe ecological success of social insects is based on division of labour, not only between queens and workers, but also among workers. Whether a worker tends the brood or forages is strongly influenced by age, fertility and nutritional status, with brood carers being younger, more fecund and corpulent. Here, we experimentally disentangle behaviour from age and fertility inTemnothorax longispinosusant workers and analyse how these parameters are linked to whole-body gene expression. Our transcriptome analysis reveals four times more genes associated with behaviour than with age and only few fertility-associated genes. Brood carers exhibited an upregulation of genes involved in lipid b…
Behavioural thresholds of blue tit colour vision and the effect of background chromatic complexity
2020
Vision is a vital attribute to foraging, navigation, mate selection and social signalling in animals, which often have a very different colour perception in comparison to humans. For understanding how animal colour perception works, vision models provide the smallest colour difference that animals of a given species are assumed to detect. To determine the just-noticeable-difference, or JND, vision models use Weber fractions that set discrimination thresholds of a stimulus compared to its background. However, although vision models are widely used, they rely on assumptions of Weber fractions since the exact fractions are unknown for most species. Here, we test; i) which Weber fractions in lo…
Los modelos de género discursivo en la planificación y revisión de una reseña de lectura
2018
En este trabajo se analiza la incidencia de los modelos de género discursivo en la planificación y revisión de la escritura desde una intervención educativa cuyo diseño sigue el modelo de secuencias didácticas para aprender a escribir. La secuencia diseñada tenía como objetivo que alumnos de 3º ESO elaboraran una reseña de lectura y para ello ofrecía diferentes modelos de este género. El análisis de los datos del proceso (textos intermedios e interacciones) y del producto (textos elaborados por los alumnos) permite vincular el uso de modelos de género, las operaciones de planificación y revisión y la apropiación de los estereotipos (representaciones mentales arraigadas en una dimensión soci…
Automated approach for indirect immunofluorescence images classification based on unsupervised clustering method
2018
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a collection of many complex disorders of unknown aetiology resulting in immune responses to self-antigens and are thought to result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. ADs collectively are amongst the most prevalent diseases in the U.S., affecting at least 7% of the population. The diagnosis of ADs is very complex, the standard screening methods provides seeking and recognizing of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) by Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) based on HEp-2 cells. In this paper an automatic system able to identify and classify the Centromere pattern is presented. The method is based on the grouping of centromeres present on the cell…
Data from: Transparency reduces predator detection in mimetic clearwing butterflies
2019
1. Predation is an important selective pressure and some prey have evolved conspicuous warning signals that advertise unpalatability (i.e. aposematism) as an antipredator defence. Conspicuous colour patterns have been shown effective as warning signals, by promoting predator learning and memory. Unexpectedly, some butterfly species from the unpalatable tribe Ithomiini possess transparent wings, a feature rare on land but common in water, known to reduce predator detection. 2. We tested if transparency of butterfly wings was associated with decreased detectability by predators, by comparing four butterfly species exhibiting different degrees of transparency, ranging from fully opaque to larg…
Data from: An aposematic colour-polymorphic moth seen through the eyes of conspecifics and predators - sensitivity and colour discrimination in a tig…
2019
1. Although predation is commonly thought to exert the strongest selective pressure on colouration in aposematic species, sexual selection may also influence colouration. Specifically, polymorphism in aposematic species cannot be explained by natural selection alone. 2. Males of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) are polymorphic for hindwing colouration throughout most of their range. In Scandinavia, they display either white or yellow hindwings. Female hindwing colouration varies continuously from bright orange to red. Redder females and yellow males suffer least from bird predation. 3. White males often have higher mating success than yellow males. Therefore, we ask wheth…
Data from: Fitness costs of worker specialisation for ant societies
2015
Division of labour is of fundamental importance for the success of societies, yet little is known about how individual specialization affects the fitness of the group as a whole. While specialized workers may be more efficient in the tasks they perform than generalists, they may also lack the flexibility to respond to rapid shifts in task needs. Such rigidity could impose fitness costs when societies face dynamic and unpredictable events, such as an attack by socially parasitic slavemakers. Here, we experimentally assess the colony-level fitness consequences of behavioural specialization in Temnothorax longispinosus ants that are attacked by the slavemaker ant T. americanus. We manipulated …
Data from: Gene expression is more strongly associated with behavioural specialisation than with age or fertility in ant workers
2018
The ecological success of social insects is based on division of labour, not only between queens and workers, but also among workers. Whether a worker tends the brood or forages is influenced by age, fertility and nutritional status, with brood carers being younger, more fecund and more corpulent. Here, we experimentally disentangle behavioural specialisation from age and fertility in Temnothorax longispinosus ant workers and analyse how these parameters are linked to whole-body gene expression. A total of 3644 genes were associated with behavioural specialisation which is ten times more than associated with age and 50 times more than associated with fertility. Brood carers were characteriz…